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Spring Boot 整合 Redis

news 2026/3/26 20:11:51

Redis是我们开发中最常用的缓存中间件，它性能极高，支持丰富的数据类型。本文详细介绍Spring Boot如何整合Redis，实现缓存、session共享等功能。

一、Redis简介

Redis是一个开源的内存数据结构存储系统，可以用作数据库、缓存和消息队列。

数据类型	应用场景
String	缓存、计数器、分布式锁
Hash	存储对象、购物车
List	消息队列、排行榜
Set	好友列表、标签
ZSet	排行榜、优先级队列

二、引入依赖

<!-- SpringDataRedis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency> <!--连接池--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId> </dependency>

三、配置文件

spring: redis: host:localhost port:6379 password: # Redis密码，没有则为空 database:0 # 使用哪个数据库 lettuce: pool: max-active:8# 最大连接数 max-idle:8 # 最大空闲连接 min-idle:0 # 最小空闲连接 max-wait:-1ms# 最大等待时间

四、Redis配置类

@Configuration publicclass RedisConfig { @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>(); template.setConnectionFactory(factory); // JSON序列化配置 Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> serializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class); ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); mapper.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8")); serializer.setObjectMapper(mapper); // key采用String序列化 StringRedisSerializer stringSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer(); template.setKeySerializer(stringSerializer); template.setHashKeySerializer(stringSerializer); // value采用JSON序列化 template.setValueSerializer(serializer); template.setHashValueSerializer(serializer); template.afterPropertiesSet(); return template; } }

五、基本使用

@RestController publicclass RedisController { @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate; // String操作 @PostMapping("/set") public Result<Void> set(@RequestParam String key, @RequestParam String value) { redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value); return Result.success(); } @GetMapping("/get") public Result<Object> get(@RequestParam String key) { Object value = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key); return Result.success(value); } // Hash操作 @PostMapping("/hset") public Result<Void> hset(@RequestParam String key, @RequestParam String field, @RequestParam String value) { redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, field, value); return Result.success(); } @GetMapping("/hget") public Result<Object> hget(@RequestParam String key, @RequestParam String field) { Object value = redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key, field); return Result.success(value); } // 过期时间 @PostMapping("/setWithExpire") public Result<Void> setWithExpire(@RequestParam String key, @RequestParam String value, @RequestParam long seconds) { redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, seconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS); return Result.success(); } }

六、封装Redis工具类

@Component publicclass RedisUtils { @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate; // String public void set(String key, Object value) { redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value); } public void set(String key, Object value, long time) { redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, time, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } public Object get(String key) { return redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key); } public Boolean delete(String key) { return redisTemplate.delete(key); } // Hash public void hSet(String key, String field, Object value) { redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, field, value); } public Object hGet(String key, String field) { return redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key, field); } public Long hDelete(String key, Object... fields) { return redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key, fields); } // 自增 public Long increment(String key) { return redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key); } public Long decrement(String key) { return redisTemplate.opsForValue().decrement(key); } }

七、Redis缓存应用

@Service publicclass UserService { @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @Autowired private RedisUtils redisUtils; privatestaticfinal String CACHE_KEY_PREFIX = "user:"; public UserVO getById(Long id) { String cacheKey = CACHE_KEY_PREFIX + id; // 1. 查询缓存 Object cache = redisUtils.get(cacheKey); if (cache != null) { return (UserVO) cache; } // 2. 缓存不存在，查询数据库 User user = userMapper.selectById(id); if (user == null) { returnnull; } // 3. 存入缓存（30分钟过期） UserVO vo = convertToVO(user); redisUtils.set(cacheKey, vo, 1800); return vo; } public void updateById(User user) { userMapper.updateById(user); // 删除缓存 redisUtils.delete(CACHE_KEY_PREFIX + user.getId()); } public void deleteById(Long id) { userMapper.deleteById(id); // 删除缓存 redisUtils.delete(CACHE_KEY_PREFIX + id); } }

八、Redis实现分布式锁

@Service publicclass LockService { @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate; /** * 尝试获取分布式锁 */ public Boolean tryLock(String lockKey, String requestId, long expireTime) { Boolean result = redisTemplate.opsForValue() .setIfAbsent(lockKey, requestId, expireTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS); return result != null && result; } /** * 释放分布式锁 */ public void unlock(String lockKey, String requestId) { String value = (String) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(lockKey); if (requestId.equals(value)) { redisTemplate.delete(lockKey); } } /** * 使用锁的示例 */ public void seckill(Long productId) { String lockKey = "lock:seckill:" + productId; String requestId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); try { // 尝试获取锁 if (tryLock(lockKey, requestId, 10)) { // 扣减库存 // 记录秒杀成功用户 } } finally { // 释放锁 unlock(lockKey, requestId); } } }