1. 常规情况
基础知识：
- 考虑到模型输出位置量化损失对模型精度的影响较大，工具链推荐模型以 linear/conv 结尾，此时支持高精度 int32 输出（在 quantized.onnx 中，转定点为 int32，在前面 calib+qat 阶段都是 float32），这几乎可以做到无损。
- 征程 6 工具链量化 setter 模板支持自动设置高精度输出，前提是 conv 输出直接 接 dequant，不作为其他 node 的输入。
输出位置结构示意图：
全流程代码如下：
import torch
from horizon_plugin_pytorch import set_march, March
set_march(March.NASH_M)
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization import prepare, set_fake_quantize, FakeQuantState
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization import QuantStub
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization.hbdk4 import export
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization.qconfig_template import (calibration_8bit_weight_16bit_act_qconfig_setter,qat_8bit_weight_16bit_fixed_act_qconfig_setter, default_calibration_qconfig_setter,ModuleNameQconfigSetter
) from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization.qconfig import get_qconfig, MSEObserver, MinMaxObserver
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.dtype import qint8, qint16
from torch.quantization import DeQuantStub
import torch.nn as nn
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization import hbdk4 as hb4
from hbdk4.compiler import convert, save, hbm_perf, visualize, compileimport torch
import torch.nn as nn# 定义网络结构
class SmallModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(SmallModel, self).__init__()# 第一个 Linear: 输入 [2, 100, 256] -> 输出 [2, 100, 256]self.linear1 = nn.Linear(256, 256)self.layernorm = nn.LayerNorm(256) # 对最后一维进行归一化self.relu = nn.ReLU()# 第二个 Linear: 输入 [2, 100, 256] -> 输出 [2, 100, 60]self.linear2 = nn.Linear(256, 60)# 第三个 Linear: 输入 [2, 100, 60] -> 输出 [2, 100, 60]self.linear3 = nn.Linear(60, 60)self.quant = QuantStub()self.dequant = DeQuantStub()def forward(self, x):x = self.quant(x)# 第一个 Linearx = self.linear1(x) # [2, 100, 256]x = self.layernorm(x) # [2, 100, 256]x = self.relu(x) # [2, 100, 256]# 第二个 Lineary = self.linear2(x) # [2, 100, 60]# 第三个 Linearz = self.linear3(y)z = self.dequant(z)return z# 设置随机种子，保证每次生成的数据相同
torch.manual_seed(42)
example_input = torch.randn(2, 100, 256)
model = SmallModel()# 前向传播
output_x = model(example_input)
print("输入形状:", example_input.shape)
print("输出形状:", output_x.shape)# A global march indicating the target hardware version must be setted before prepare qat.
set_march(March.NASH_M)calib_model = prepare(model.eval(), example_input, qconfig_setter=(default_calibration_qconfig_setter,),)calib_model.eval()
set_fake_quantize(calib_model, FakeQuantState.CALIBRATION)
calib_model(example_input)calib_model.eval()
set_fake_quantize(calib_model, FakeQuantState.VALIDATION)
calib_out_x = calib_model(example_input)
print("calib输出shape:", calib_out_x.shape)qat_bc = export(calib_model, example_input)
# save(qat_bc, "qat.bc")
# visualize(qat_bc, "qat.onnx")
hb_quantized_model = convert(qat_bc, March.NASH_M)
# save(hb_quantized_model,"quantized.bc")
visualize(hb_quantized_model, "quantized_single.onnx")
查看 quantized.onnx，可以看到最后一个 conv 确实是 int32 高精度输出
2. 输出又输入
如果 conv1，既作为模型输出，又作为后续 conv2 的输入，此时应该怎么办？
关键代码如下：
def forward(self, x):x = self.quant(x)# 第一个 Linearx = self.linear1(x) # [2, 100, 256]x = self.layernorm(x) # [2, 100, 256]x = self.relu(x) # [2, 100, 256]# 第二个 Lineary = self.linear2(x) # [2, 100, 60]y_out = self.dequant(y)y = self.quant_out(y_out)# y = self.quant_out(y)# 第三个 Linearz = self.linear3(y)z = self.dequant(z)return x, y_out
注意，y_out = self.dequant（y）是必须要添加的，否则无法实现该效果。
全流程代码如下：
import torch
from horizon_plugin_pytorch import set_march, March
set_march(March.NASH_M)
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization import prepare, set_fake_quantize, FakeQuantState
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization import QuantStub
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization.hbdk4 import export
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization.qconfig_template import (calibration_8bit_weight_16bit_act_qconfig_setter,qat_8bit_weight_16bit_fixed_act_qconfig_setter, default_calibration_qconfig_setter,ModuleNameQconfigSetter
) from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization.qconfig import get_qconfig, MSEObserver, MinMaxObserver
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.dtype import qint8, qint16
from torch.quantization import DeQuantStub
import torch.nn as nn
from horizon_plugin_pytorch.quantization import hbdk4 as hb4
from hbdk4.compiler import convert, save, hbm_perf, visualize, compileimport torch
import torch.nn as nn# 定义网络结构
class SmallModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(SmallModel, self).__init__()# 第一个 Linear: 输入 [2, 100, 256] -> 输出 [2, 100, 256]self.linear1 = nn.Linear(256, 256)self.layernorm = nn.LayerNorm(256) # 对最后一维进行归一化self.relu = nn.ReLU()# 第二个 Linear: 输入 [2, 100, 256] -> 输出 [2, 100, 60]self.linear2 = nn.Linear(256, 60)# 第三个 Linear: 输入 [2, 100, 60] -> 输出 [2, 100, 60]self.linear3 = nn.Linear(60, 60)self.quant = QuantStub()self.quant_out = QuantStub()self.dequant = DeQuantStub()def forward(self, x):x = self.quant(x)# 第一个 Linearx = self.linear1(x) # [2, 100, 256]x = self.layernorm(x) # [2, 100, 256]x = self.relu(x) # [2, 100, 256]# 第二个 Lineary = self.linear2(x) # [2, 100, 60]y_out = self.dequant(y)y = self.quant_out(y_out)# 第三个 Linearz = self.linear3(y)z = self.dequant(z)return z, y_out# 设置随机种子，保证每次生成的数据相同
torch.manual_seed(42)
example_input = torch.randn(2, 100, 256)
model = SmallModel()# 前向传播
output_x, output_y = model(example_input)
print("输入形状:", example_input.shape)
print("输出形状:", output_x.shape, output_y.shape)# A global march indicating the target hardware version must be setted before prepare qat.
set_march(March.NASH_M)calib_model = prepare(model.eval(), example_input, qconfig_setter=(default_calibration_qconfig_setter,),)calib_model.eval()
set_fake_quantize(calib_model, FakeQuantState.CALIBRATION)
calib_model(example_input)calib_model.eval()
set_fake_quantize(calib_model, FakeQuantState.VALIDATION)
calib_out_x, calib_out_y= calib_model(example_input)
print("calib输出shape:", calib_out_x.shape)qat_bc = export(calib_model, example_input)
# save(qat_bc, "qat.bc")
# visualize(qat_bc, "qat.onnx")
hb_quantized_model = convert(qat_bc, March.NASH_M)
# save(hb_quantized_model,"quantized.bc")
visualize(hb_quantized_model, "quantized.onnx")
查看 quantized.onnx，linear2 符合预期，确实是 int32 高精度输出。
新加入的 dequant 与 quant 会变成 rescale
以上是征程 6EM 的默认做法，如果使用的是征程 6PH，conv like 算子输出直接就是 float32，在既作为输出，又作为下一阶段输入时，会存在 vpu 的 quantize（float32->int16/int8），如下图所示
如果想依旧沿用征程 6EM 的方式，可进行如下配置：
qat_bc._integer_conv = True
hb_quantized_model = convert(qat_bc, "nash-h")
具体选择哪种方式可实测 latency（建议考虑将模型 conv like 算子 c++ 反量化的耗时减少也加进去对比）