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新建Django项目+本地Mysql数据库demo

news 2026/3/26 23:12:04

1、当前路径下指定虚拟环境激活

a123456@zbMacBook-Pro demo % source /Users/a123456/pyenv/django_xb//bin/activate
(django_xb) a123456@zbMacBook-Pro demo % pip list
Package            Version
------------------ ----------
asgiref            3.11.0
certifi            2025.11.12
cffi               2.0.0
charset-normalizer 3.4.4
cryptography       46.0.3
Django             3.2.16
idna               3.11
pip                25.3
pycparser          2.23
PyMySQL            1.0.2
pytz               2025.2
requests           2.32.5
setuptools         65.5.1
sqlparse           0.5.5
urllib3            2.6.2
wheel              0.38.4

2、执行 Django 项目创建命令，<project_name>替换为你的项目名称

django-admin startproject <project_name>
(django_xb) a123456@zbMacBook-Pro demo % django-admin startproject django_xb

3、Django项目下，新建模块

python manage.py startapp tools

3.1 目录结构

tools/
├── __init__.py       # 标识该目录为Python包
├── admin.py          # 配置Django后台管理该app的模型
├── apps.py           # app的核心配置文件（包含app元数据）
├── migrations/       # 存储模型迁移文件（数据库同步相关）
│   └── __init__.py
├── models.py         # 定义app的数据模型（对应数据库表）
├── tests.py          # 编写该app的单元测试用例
└── views.py          # 编写该app的视图逻辑（处理请求、返回响应）

4、注册app+配置数据库链接，找到主项目目录下的setting.py文件

# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','tools'
]# Database
DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME': 'django_demo',"USER": 'root',"PASSWORD": "123456","HOST": 'localhost', "PORT": 3306,"CHARSET": "UTF-8"},
}

注意：这时候启动项目有个坑，启动django项目的时候报错

# python manage.py runserver  0.0.0.0:8080
Connected to pydev debugger (build 231.9011.38)
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Users/a123456/pyenv/django_xb/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>import MySQLdb as Database
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb'
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

解决方法：找到主项目下的初始化文件__init__.py

import pymysql
# 让 Django 把 pymysql 当作 MySQLdb 来使用
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

5、新模块定义数据模型 models.py

from django.db import models# Create your models here.   
class Emp(models.Model):id = models.CharField(max_length=50, primary_key=True, verbose_name="主键ID")name = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="员工名称")age = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="年龄")class Meta:db_table = 'emp'verbose_name = "员工表"

5.1 生成迁移文件

# 生成迁移文件
python manage.py makemigrations
# 指定模块生成迁移文件
python manage.py makemigrations tools
# 执行迁移
python manage.py migrate

6、编写视图函数 views.py

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.views.decorators.http import require_GET
from .models import Emp@csrf_exempt
@require_GET
def emp_list(request):"""获取员工列表"""emps = Emp.objects.all().values()return JsonResponse({'code': 0,'msg': "员工列表",'data': list(emps)})

7、新模块下创建urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import emp_list
app_name = 'tools'
urlpatterns = [path('emp/list', emp_list, name="emp_list"),
]

8、将路由配置到主项目下的urls

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,includeurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('tools/', include('tools.urls')),#新模块路由配置到这里
]

9、启动项目

(django_xb) a123456@zbMacBook-Pro django_zb % python manage.py runserver  0.0.0.0:8080
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
December 31, 2025 - 06:52:22
Django version 3.2.16, using settings 'django_zb.settings'
Starting development server at http://0.0.0.0:8080/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

10、接口访问