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第4章，[标签 Win32] ：加入滚动条的 SysMets

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本节前言

对于本节所讲解的知识，有可能，你会需要时不时地参考本专栏的其它文章。真的遇到了需要参考之前的文章的知识点，请你自行查阅。

我呢，也会提到一部分的参考课节。但是呢，你不应该依赖于我的主动提及。最好呢，你自己能够多去了解和查看本专栏目录。

在学习完了基础版滚动条函数的知识以后，我们尝试着在之前的 SysMets1 程序的基础上，加入滚动条代码，构建本节的 SysMets2 。

我们开始本节的学习。

一. 本节代码

本节，我们仅仅是在原有的 SysMets1 的基础上，加入垂直滚动条。至于水平滚动条，我们暂且不添加。

实际上，仅仅是加入垂直滚动条，就够你品味一会儿了。

下面，分别展示本节代码。

（一）SysMets.h

代码如下。

/*----------------------------------------------- SYSMETS.H -- System metrics display structure -----------------------------------------------*/ #define NUMLINES ((int) (sizeof sysmetrics / sizeof sysmetrics [0])) struct { int iIndex; TCHAR* szLabel; TCHAR* szDesc; } sysmetrics[] = { SM_CXSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CXSCREEN"), TEXT("Screen width in pixels"), SM_CYSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CYSCREEN"), TEXT("Screen height in pixels"), SM_CXVSCROLL, TEXT("SM_CXVSCROLL"), TEXT("Vertical scroll width"), SM_CYHSCROLL, TEXT("SM_CYHSCROLL"), TEXT("Horizontal scroll height"), SM_CYCAPTION, TEXT("SM_CYCAPTION"), TEXT("Caption bar height"), SM_CXBORDER, TEXT("SM_CXBORDER"), TEXT("Window border width"), SM_CYBORDER, TEXT("SM_CYBORDER"), TEXT("Window border height"), SM_CXFIXEDFRAME, TEXT("SM_CXFIXEDFRAME"), TEXT("Dialog window frame width"), SM_CYFIXEDFRAME, TEXT("SM_CYFIXEDFRAME"), TEXT("Dialog window frame height"), SM_CYVTHUMB, TEXT("SM_CYVTHUMB"), TEXT("Vertical scroll thumb height"), SM_CXHTHUMB, TEXT("SM_CXHTHUMB"), TEXT("Horizontal scroll thumb width"), SM_CXICON, TEXT("SM_CXICON"), TEXT("Icon width"), SM_CYICON, TEXT("SM_CYICON"), TEXT("Icon height"), SM_CXCURSOR, TEXT("SM_CXCURSOR"), TEXT("Cursor width"), SM_CYCURSOR, TEXT("SM_CYCURSOR"), TEXT("Cursor height"), SM_CYMENU, TEXT("SM_CYMENU"), TEXT("Menu bar height"), SM_CXFULLSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CXFULLSCREEN"), TEXT("Full screen client area width"), SM_CYFULLSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CYFULLSCREEN"), TEXT("Full screen client area height"), SM_CYKANJIWINDOW, TEXT("SM_CYKANJIWINDOW"), TEXT("Kanji window height"), SM_MOUSEPRESENT, TEXT("SM_MOUSEPRESENT"), TEXT("Mouse present flag"), SM_CYVSCROLL, TEXT("SM_CYVSCROLL"), TEXT("Vertical scroll arrow height"), SM_CXHSCROLL, TEXT("SM_CXHSCROLL"), TEXT("Horizontal scroll arrow width"), SM_DEBUG, TEXT("SM_DEBUG"), TEXT("Debug version flag"), SM_SWAPBUTTON, TEXT("SM_SWAPBUTTON"), TEXT("Mouse buttons swapped flag"), SM_CXMIN, TEXT("SM_CXMIN"), TEXT("Minimum window width"), SM_CYMIN, TEXT("SM_CYMIN"), TEXT("Minimum window height"), SM_CXSIZE, TEXT("SM_CXSIZE"), TEXT("Min/Max/Close button width"), SM_CYSIZE, TEXT("SM_CYSIZE"), TEXT("Min/Max/Close button height"), SM_CXSIZEFRAME, TEXT("SM_CXSIZEFRAME"), TEXT("Window sizing frame width"), SM_CYSIZEFRAME, TEXT("SM_CYSIZEFRAME"), TEXT("Window sizing frame height"), SM_CXMINTRACK, TEXT("SM_CXMINTRACK"), TEXT("Minimum window tracking width"), SM_CYMINTRACK, TEXT("SM_CYMINTRACK"), TEXT("Minimum window tracking height"), SM_CXDOUBLECLK, TEXT("SM_CXDOUBLECLK"), TEXT("Double click x tolerance"), SM_CYDOUBLECLK, TEXT("SM_CYDOUBLECLK"), TEXT("Double click y tolerance"), SM_CXICONSPACING, TEXT("SM_CXICONSPACING"), TEXT("Horizontal icon spacing"), SM_CYICONSPACING, TEXT("SM_CYICONSPACING"), TEXT("Vertical icon spacing"), SM_MENUDROPALIGNMENT, TEXT("SM_MENUDROPALIGNMENT"), TEXT("Left or right menu drop"), SM_PENWINDOWS, TEXT("SM_PENWINDOWS"), TEXT("Pen extensions installed"), SM_DBCSENABLED, TEXT("SM_DBCSENABLED"), TEXT("Double-Byte Char Set enabled"), SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS, TEXT("SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS"), TEXT("Number of mouse buttons"), SM_SECURE, TEXT("SM_SECURE"), TEXT("Security present flag"), SM_CXEDGE, TEXT("SM_CXEDGE"), TEXT("3-D border width"), SM_CYEDGE, TEXT("SM_CYEDGE"), TEXT("3-D border height"), SM_CXMINSPACING, TEXT("SM_CXMINSPACING"), TEXT("Minimized window spacing width"), SM_CYMINSPACING, TEXT("SM_CYMINSPACING"), TEXT("Minimized window spacing height"), SM_CXSMICON, TEXT("SM_CXSMICON"), TEXT("Small icon width"), SM_CYSMICON, TEXT("SM_CYSMICON"), TEXT("Small icon height"), SM_CYSMCAPTION, TEXT("SM_CYSMCAPTION"), TEXT("Small caption height"), SM_CXSMSIZE, TEXT("SM_CXSMSIZE"), TEXT("Small caption button width"), SM_CYSMSIZE, TEXT("SM_CYSMSIZE"), TEXT("Small caption button height"), SM_CXMENUSIZE, TEXT("SM_CXMENUSIZE"), TEXT("Menu bar button width"), SM_CYMENUSIZE, TEXT("SM_CYMENUSIZE"), TEXT("Menu bar button height"), SM_ARRANGE, TEXT("SM_ARRANGE"), TEXT("How minimized windows arranged"), SM_CXMINIMIZED, TEXT("SM_CXMINIMIZED"), TEXT("Minimized window width"), SM_CYMINIMIZED, TEXT("SM_CYMINIMIZED"), TEXT("Minimized window height"), SM_CXMAXTRACK, TEXT("SM_CXMAXTRACK"), TEXT("Maximum draggable width"), SM_CYMAXTRACK, TEXT("SM_CYMAXTRACK"), TEXT("Maximum draggable height"), SM_CXMAXIMIZED, TEXT("SM_CXMAXIMIZED"), TEXT("Width of maximized window"), SM_CYMAXIMIZED, TEXT("SM_CYMAXIMIZED"), TEXT("Height of maximized window"), SM_NETWORK, TEXT("SM_NETWORK"), TEXT("Network present flag"), SM_CLEANBOOT, TEXT("SM_CLEANBOOT"), TEXT("How system was booted"), SM_CXDRAG, TEXT("SM_CXDRAG"), TEXT("Avoid drag x tolerance"), SM_CYDRAG, TEXT("SM_CYDRAG"), TEXT("Avoid drag y tolerance"), SM_SHOWSOUNDS, TEXT("SM_SHOWSOUNDS"), TEXT("Present sounds visually"), SM_CXMENUCHECK, TEXT("SM_CXMENUCHECK"), TEXT("Menu check-mark width"), SM_CYMENUCHECK, TEXT("SM_CYMENUCHECK"), TEXT("Menu check-mark height"), SM_SLOWMACHINE, TEXT("SM_SLOWMACHINE"), TEXT("Slow processor flag"), SM_MIDEASTENABLED, TEXT("SM_MIDEASTENABLED"), TEXT("Hebrew and Arabic enabled flag"), SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT, TEXT("SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT"), TEXT("Mouse wheel present flag"), SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT("SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN"), TEXT("Virtual screen x origin"), SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT("SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN"), TEXT("Virtual screen y origin"), SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN"), TEXT("Virtual screen width"), SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN, TEXT("SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN"), TEXT("Virtual screen height"), SM_CMONITORS, TEXT("SM_CMONITORS"), TEXT("Number of monitors"), SM_SAMEDISPLAYFORMAT, TEXT("SM_SAMEDISPLAYFORMAT"), TEXT("Same color format flag") };

（二）WinMain.cpp

代码如下。

/*---------------------------------------------------- SYSMETS2.C -- System Metrics Display Program No. 2 (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 水饺编程改编版代码，2026 ----------------------------------------------------*/ #define WINVER 0x0500 #include <windows.h> #include "sysmets.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("SysMets2"); HWND hwnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASS wndclass; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName; if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("注册窗口类失败"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR); return 0; } hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("Get System Metrics No. 2"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VSCROLL, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd); while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static int cxChar, cxCaps, cyChar, cyClient, iVscrollPos; HDC hdc; int i, y; PAINTSTRUCT ps; TCHAR szBuffer[10]; TEXTMETRIC tm; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: hdc = GetDC(hwnd); GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm); cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth; cxCaps = (tm.tmPitchAndFamily & 1 ? 3 : 2) * cxChar / 2; cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading; ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc); SetScrollRange(hwnd, SB_VERT, 0, NUMLINES - 1, FALSE); SetScrollPos(hwnd, SB_VERT, iVscrollPos, TRUE); return 0; case WM_SIZE: cyClient = HIWORD(lParam); return 0; case WM_VSCROLL: switch (LOWORD(wParam)) { case SB_LINEUP: iVscrollPos -= 1; break; case SB_LINEDOWN: iVscrollPos += 1; break; case SB_PAGEUP: iVscrollPos -= cyClient / cyChar; break; case SB_PAGEDOWN: iVscrollPos += cyClient / cyChar; break; case SB_THUMBPOSITION: iVscrollPos = HIWORD(wParam); break; default: break; } iVscrollPos = max(0, min(iVscrollPos, NUMLINES - 1)); if (iVscrollPos != GetScrollPos(hwnd, SB_VERT)) { SetScrollPos(hwnd, SB_VERT, iVscrollPos, TRUE); InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE); } return 0; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); for (i = 0; i < NUMLINES; i++) { y = cyChar * (i - iVscrollPos); TextOut(hdc, 0, y, sysmetrics[i].szLabel, lstrlen(sysmetrics[i].szLabel)); TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps, y, sysmetrics[i].szDesc, lstrlen(sysmetrics[i].szDesc)); SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_RIGHT | TA_TOP); TextOut(hdc, 22 * cxCaps + 40 * cxChar, y, szBuffer, wsprintf(szBuffer, TEXT("%5d"), GetSystemMetrics(sysmetrics[i].iIndex))); SetTextAlign(hdc, TA_LEFT | TA_TOP); } EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); }

到了这里，代码就展示完了。

二. 代码编译

（一）基本安排

我们用 VS2019 来新建一个解决方案，将解决方案和项目名称都命名为【SysMets2】。然后呢，分别添加本篇文章第一分节中的 SysMets.h 和 WinMain.cpp 代码文件。

然后呢，我们接着往下讲。

（二）项目设置

本节代码项目，需要根据你所使用的 Visual Studio 软件版本，来决定是否可以直接编译。

如果，你使用的软件版本，为 2010 版和 2008 版等等的低版本 Visual Studio 软件，那么，你并不需要进行专门的项目设置。直接去编译，项目就可以获得通过。

如果，你使用的软件版本，为 2017 版和 2019 版等等的高版本 Visual Studio 软件，那么，直接去编译，Visual Studio 会报错。为了让项目编译通过，我们还需要对此项目，进行一番设置。我们需要设置【符合模式】这一项。设置原因与设置方法，详见测试案例3 的分节二与分节三的讲解。

测试案例3 的课节链接如下。

参考课节：第4章，[标签 Win32] ：TextOut 测试案例3

设置好了以后，就可以编译程序了。

我这里，程序是编译成功了的。运行结果如下。

在图1 里面，我用红色框线标注的部分，是滚动条滑块。

我们可以用鼠标拖动滚动条滑块。我们将滚动条滚动条滑块滚动一点儿举例，然后松开鼠标，结果如下。