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Java 通过GDAL实现将图片转成GEOTIFF文件

news 2026/3/26 19:22:56

业务背景：
需要将图片文件转成带坐标的TIF文件
具体实现如下：

1️⃣GDAL方式

导入依赖包：

<!-- GDAL包引入 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.gdal</groupId> <artifactId>gdal</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </dependency>

具体实现方法：

import org.gdal.gdal.*; import org.gdal.osr.SpatialReference; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;

方法代码：

/** * 创建 geo tiff 流 * * @param file 文件 * @param outputTiff 输出 TIFF * @param topLeftX 左上角 * @param topLeftY 左上角 * @param topRightX 右上角 * @param topRightY 右上角 * @param bottomRightX 右下角 * @param bottomRightY 右下角 * @param epsg EPSG */ public void createGeoTiffStream( MultipartFile file, String outputTiff, double topLeftX, double topLeftY, double topRightX, double topRightY, double bottomRightX, double bottomRightY, int epsg ) { try { // ============================ // 1. MultipartFile → Image // ============================ BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(file.getInputStream()); if (img == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("无法读取上传的图片文件"); } // 强制为 TYPE_3BYTE_BGR（最快） if (img.getType() != BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR) { BufferedImage converted = new BufferedImage( img.getWidth(), img.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR ); Graphics2D g = converted.createGraphics(); g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null); g.dispose(); img = converted; } int w = img.getWidth(); int h = img.getHeight(); // ============================ // 2. GeoTransform 计算 // ============================ double pixelWidth = (topRightX - topLeftX) / w; double pixelHeight = (bottomRightY - topLeftY) / h; pixelHeight = -Math.abs(pixelHeight); // Y 方向必须为负 double[] geo = new double[]{ topLeftX, pixelWidth, 0, topLeftY, 0, pixelHeight }; SpatialReference srs = new SpatialReference(); srs.ImportFromEPSG(epsg); // ============================ // 3. 创建 GeoTIFF（最高速） // ============================ Driver driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff"); Dataset ds = driver.Create( outputTiff, w, h, 3, gdalconstConstants.GDT_Byte, new String[]{ "COMPRESS=NONE", "TILED=NO" } ); ds.SetGeoTransform(geo); ds.SetProjection(srs.ExportToWkt()); // ============================ // 4. 高速拆分 RGB 通道 // ============================ byte[] pixels = ((DataBufferByte) img.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData(); int size = w * h; byte[] r = new byte[size]; byte[] gArr = new byte[size]; byte[] b = new byte[size]; for (int i = 0, p = 0; i < size; i++) { b[i] = pixels[p++]; // B gArr[i] = pixels[p++]; // G r[i] = pixels[p++]; // R } // ============================ // 5. 写入 Raster（一次写入） // ============================ ds.GetRasterBand(1).WriteRaster(0, 0, w, h, r); ds.GetRasterBand(2).WriteRaster(0, 0, w, h, gArr); ds.GetRasterBand(3).WriteRaster(0, 0, w, h, b); // 完成 ds.FlushCache(); ds.delete(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("生成 GeoTIFF 失败", e); } } // 如果是文件地址，可以使用如下方法 /** * 创建geo tiff路径 * * @param srcImagePath SRC图像路径 * @param outputTiff 输出 TIFF * @param topLeftX 左上角 * @param topLeftY 左上角 * @param topRightX 右上角 * @param topRightY 右上角 * @param bottomRightX 右下角 * @param bottomRightY 右下角 * @param epsg EPSG */ public void createGeoTiffPath( String srcImagePath, String outputTiff, double topLeftX, double topLeftY, double topRightX, double topRightY, double bottomRightX, double bottomRightY, int epsg ) { try { // ============================ // 1. MultipartFile → Image // ============================ //BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(file.getInputStream()); BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new File(srcImagePath)); if (img == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("无法读取上传的图片文件"); } // 强制为 TYPE_3BYTE_BGR（最快） if (img.getType() != BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR) { BufferedImage converted = new BufferedImage( img.getWidth(), img.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR ); Graphics2D g = converted.createGraphics(); g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null); g.dispose(); img = converted; } int w = img.getWidth(); int h = img.getHeight(); // ============================ // 2. GeoTransform 计算 // ============================ double pixelWidth = (topRightX - topLeftX) / w; double pixelHeight = (bottomRightY - topLeftY) / h; pixelHeight = -Math.abs(pixelHeight); // Y 方向必须为负 double[] geo = new double[]{ topLeftX, pixelWidth, 0, topLeftY, 0, pixelHeight }; SpatialReference srs = new SpatialReference(); srs.ImportFromEPSG(epsg); // ============================ // 3. 创建 GeoTIFF（最高速） // ============================ Driver driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff"); Dataset ds = driver.Create( outputTiff, w, h, 3, gdalconstConstants.GDT_Byte, new String[]{ "COMPRESS=NONE", "TILED=NO" } ); ds.SetGeoTransform(geo); ds.SetProjection(srs.ExportToWkt()); // ============================ // 4. 高速拆分 RGB 通道 // ============================ byte[] pixels = ((DataBufferByte) img.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData(); int size = w * h; byte[] r = new byte[size]; byte[] gArr = new byte[size]; byte[] b = new byte[size]; for (int i = 0, p = 0; i < size; i++) { b[i] = pixels[p++]; // B gArr[i] = pixels[p++]; // G r[i] = pixels[p++]; // R } // ============================ // 5. 写入 Raster（一次写入） // ============================ ds.GetRasterBand(1).WriteRaster(0, 0, w, h, r); ds.GetRasterBand(2).WriteRaster(0, 0, w, h, gArr); ds.GetRasterBand(3).WriteRaster(0, 0, w, h, b); // 完成 ds.FlushCache(); ds.delete(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException("生成 GeoTIFF 失败", e); } }

2️⃣其他方式（如：geotools方式等）

导入依赖

<!-- GeoTools包引入 <geotools.version>25.1</geotools.version> --> <dependency> <groupId>org.geotools</groupId> <artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId> <version>${geotools.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.geotools</groupId> <artifactId>gt-geojson</artifactId> <version>${geotools.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.geotools</groupId> <artifactId>gt-geotiff</artifactId> <version>${geotools.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.geotools</groupId> <artifactId>gt-epsg-hsql</artifactId> <version>${geotools.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.geotools</groupId> <artifactId>gt-main</artifactId> <version>${geotools.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.geotools</groupId> <artifactId>gt-referencing</artifactId> <version>28.2</version> </dependency>

具体实现方法：

import org.geotools.coverage.grid.GridCoverage2D; import org.geotools.coverage.grid.GridCoverageFactory; import org.geotools.gce.geotiff.GeoTiffWriter; import org.geotools.geometry.GeneralEnvelope; import org.geotools.referencing.CRS; import org.opengis.referencing.FactoryException; import org.opengis.referencing.crs.CoordinateReferenceSystem; import org.opengis.referencing.operation.TransformException; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; /** * Geo TIFF Utils * * @author ATB */ public class GeoTiffUtils { /** * 将前端上传的 PNG 文件写入 GeoTIFF * * @param file MultipartFile PNG 文件 * @param tiffFilePath 输出 GeoTIFF 文件路径 * @param minX 左下角 X 坐标 * @param minY 左下角 Y 坐标 * @param maxX 右上角 X 坐标 * @param maxY 右上角 Y 坐标 * @param epsg EPSG 投影，例如 4326 */ public static void writePngToGeoTiff(MultipartFile file, String tiffFilePath, double minX, double minY, double maxX, double maxY, int epsg) throws IOException, TransformException, FactoryException { // 从 MultipartFile 读取 BufferedImage BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file.getInputStream()); if (image == null) { throw new IOException("无法读取 PNG 文件: " + file.getOriginalFilename()); } // 创建坐标范围 GeneralEnvelope envelope = new GeneralEnvelope(2); envelope.setRange(0, minX, maxX); // X 轴 envelope.setRange(1, minY, maxY); // Y 轴 // 坐标参考系 CoordinateReferenceSystem crs = CRS.decode("EPSG:" + epsg); envelope.setCoordinateReferenceSystem(crs); // 创建 GridCoverage2D 对象 GridCoverageFactory factory = new GridCoverageFactory(); GridCoverage2D coverage = factory.create("coverage", image, envelope); // 写入 GeoTIFF File tiffFile = new File(tiffFilePath); GeoTiffWriter writer = new GeoTiffWriter(tiffFile); writer.write(coverage, null); writer.dispose(); } /** * 将 PNG 图像写入 GeoTIFF * * @param pngFilePath PNG 文件路径 * @param tiffFilePath 输出 GeoTIFF 文件路径 * @param minX 左下角 X 坐标 * @param minY 左下角 Y 坐标 * @param maxX 右上角 X 坐标 * @param maxY 右上角 Y 坐标 * @param epsg EPSG 投影，例如 4326 */ public static void writePngToGeoTiff(String pngFilePath, String tiffFilePath, double minX, double minY, double maxX, double maxY, int epsg) throws IOException, TransformException, FactoryException { // 读取 PNG 图片 BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File(pngFilePath)); if (image == null) { throw new IOException("无法读取 PNG 文件: " + pngFilePath); } int width = image.getWidth(); int height = image.getHeight(); // 设置坐标范围 GeneralEnvelope envelope = new GeneralEnvelope(2); envelope.setRange(0, minX, maxX); // X 轴 envelope.setRange(1, minY, maxY); // Y 轴 // 坐标参考系 CoordinateReferenceSystem crs = CRS.decode("EPSG:" + epsg); envelope.setCoordinateReferenceSystem(crs); // 创建 GridCoverage2D 对象 GridCoverageFactory factory = new GridCoverageFactory(); GridCoverage2D coverage = factory.create("coverage", image, envelope); // 写入 GeoTIFF File tiffFile = new File(tiffFilePath); GeoTiffWriter writer = new GeoTiffWriter(tiffFile); writer.write(coverage, null); writer.dispose(); } }

好了，至此就可以实现将图片文件转成GEOTIFF文件了（同时至此文件路径和文件流方式）！

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