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C++写有一个2D 小游戏（贪吃蛇）

news 2026/3/27 2:08:03

用 C++ 开发游戏需要结合图形库、输入处理、游戏逻辑等模块，以下以2D 小游戏（贪吃蛇）为例，展示 C++ 游戏开发的核心流程，使用跨平台图形库SFML（简单易用，适合入门）。

一、准备工作

1. 安装 SFML 库

下载地址：SFML 官网
配置环境：将 SFML 的 include 目录添加到编译器包含路径，lib 目录添加到库路径，链接对应库文件（如sfml-graphics.lib、sfml-window.lib、sfml-system.lib）。

二、贪吃蛇游戏实现代码

cpp
 
运行
 
 
 
 

#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <iostream>// 方向枚举
enum Direction { UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT };// 蛇节点结构体
struct SnakeSegment {sf::Vector2i position;SnakeSegment(int x, int y) : position(x, y) {}
};class SnakeGame {
private:sf::RenderWindow window;          // 游戏窗口std::vector<SnakeSegment> snake;  // 蛇的身体Direction dir;                    // 当前方向sf::Vector2i food;                // 食物位置int gridSize;                     // 网格大小int windowSize;                   // 窗口大小bool gameOver;                    // 游戏结束标志std::random_device rd;            // 随机数生成器std::mt19937 rng;                 // 随机数引擎public:SnakeGame(int gridSize = 20, int windowSize = 600) : gridSize(gridSize), windowSize(windowSize), dir(RIGHT), gameOver(false), rng(rd()) {// 初始化窗口window.create(sf::VideoMode(windowSize, windowSize), "Snake Game | C++ SFML");window.setFramerateLimit(10); // 控制游戏帧率// 初始化蛇（3个节点）snake.emplace_back(windowSize/2, windowSize/2);snake.emplace_back(windowSize/2 - gridSize, windowSize/2);snake.emplace_back(windowSize/2 - 2*gridSize, windowSize/2);// 生成初始食物spawnFood();}// 生成食物（随机位置，不与蛇身重叠）void spawnFood() {std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(0, (windowSize / gridSize) - 1);int x = dist(rng) * gridSize;int y = dist(rng) * gridSize;// 检查是否与蛇身重叠for (const auto& segment : snake) {if (segment.position.x == x && segment.position.y == y) {spawnFood(); // 重叠则重新生成return;}}food = sf::Vector2i(x, y);}// 处理输入void handleInput() {sf::Event event;while (window.pollEvent(event)) {if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed)window.close();// 键盘方向控制（防止反向移动）if (event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed) {if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Up && dir != DOWN)dir = UP;else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Down && dir != UP)dir = DOWN;else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Left && dir != RIGHT)dir = LEFT;else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Right && dir != LEFT)dir = RIGHT;else if (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::R && gameOver)restart(); // 重新开始游戏}}}// 更新游戏逻辑void update() {if (gameOver) return;// 移动蛇头sf::Vector2i newHead = snake.front().position;switch (dir) {case UP: newHead.y -= gridSize; break;case DOWN: newHead.y += gridSize; break;case LEFT: newHead.x -= gridSize; break;case RIGHT: newHead.x += gridSize; break;}snake.insert(snake.begin(), SnakeSegment(newHead.x, newHead.y));// 检查是否吃到食物if (snake.front().position == food) {spawnFood(); // 生成新食物（蛇身不缩短）} else {snake.pop_back(); // 没吃到则缩短尾部}// 检查碰撞（边界或自身）checkCollision();}// 碰撞检测void checkCollision() {// 边界碰撞if (snake.front().position.x < 0 || snake.front().position.x >= windowSize ||snake.front().position.y < 0 || snake.front().position.y >= windowSize) {gameOver = true;}// 自身碰撞for (size_t i = 1; i < snake.size(); ++i) {if (snake.front().position == snake[i].position) {gameOver = true;break;}}}// 重新开始游戏void restart() {snake.clear();dir = RIGHT;gameOver = false;// 重新初始化蛇snake.emplace_back(windowSize/2, windowSize/2);snake.emplace_back(windowSize/2 - gridSize, windowSize/2);snake.emplace_back(windowSize/2 - 2*gridSize, windowSize/2);spawnFood();}// 渲染画面void render() {window.clear(sf::Color::Black); // 清空窗口（黑色背景）// 绘制蛇for (const auto& segment : snake) {sf::RectangleShape rect(sf::Vector2f(gridSize - 1, gridSize - 1)); // -1留间隙rect.setPosition(segment.position.x, segment.position.y);rect.setFillColor(sf::Color::Green);window.draw(rect);}// 绘制食物sf::RectangleShape foodRect(sf::Vector2f(gridSize - 1, gridSize - 1));foodRect.setPosition(food.x, food.y);foodRect.setFillColor(sf::Color::Red);window.draw(foodRect);// 游戏结束提示if (gameOver) {sf::Font font;if (font.loadFromFile("arial.ttf")) { // 需确保字体文件存在sf::Text text("Game Over! Press R to Restart", font, 24);text.setPosition(windowSize/2 - text.getLocalBounds().width/2, windowSize/2);text.setFillColor(sf::Color::White);window.draw(text);}}window.display(); // 显示画面}// 游戏主循环void run() {while (window.isOpen()) {handleInput();update();render();}}
};int main() {SnakeGame game;game.run();return 0;
}
 