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SpringCloud从入门到上天：Nacos做微服务注册中心

news 2026/3/26 17:18:57

什么叫服务注册：

商品服务、订单服务、各种服务启动之后都会注册到注册中心当中，注册中心中维护了一个微服务与他所在物理机的关系映射。

什么叫服务发现：

微服务之间进行远程调用的时候，需要首先问下注册中心目标服务的位置。拿到具体位置之后，在进行过程调用，这叫做服务发现。

一：Nacos安装

1：什么叫Nacos

Nacos：
阿里巴巴提供。
一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台。
官网：https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/v2/quickstart/quick-start.html安装
使用版本：2.4.3

启动命令：startup.cmd-m standalone

2：部署Nacos

1：下载Nacos

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases/download/2.4.3/nacos-server-2.4.3.tar.gz

2：挪移到对应位置

[root@localhost ~]# pwd /root [root@localhost ~]# mv nacos-server-2.4.3.tar.gz /usr/local/src [root@localhost ~]# ll total 102720 -rw-------. 1 root root 1773 Sep 23 19:17 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1804 Sep 23 11:19 initial-setup-ks.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156 Sep 24 08:51 kibana.yml -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26024 Apr 24 2019 mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 104065199 Dec 14 2022 nacos-server-2.2.0.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x. 9 1001 docker 186 Nov 26 06:37 nginx-1.22.1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1073948 Nov 26 06:36 nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src

3：解压Nacos

[root@localhost src]# tar -xzf nacos-server-2.4.3.tar.gz [root@localhost src]# ll total 152280 drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 72 Feb 4 02:14 nacos -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 153428910 Oct 12 2024 nacos-server-2.4.3.tar.gz drwxrwxr-x. 7 root root 4096 Dec 4 09:45 redis-6.2.14 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2496149 Nov 5 10:46 redis-6.2.14.tar.gz [root@localhost src]# cd nacos

4：修改参数

1：修改startup.sh使用单机模式

5：下载JDK

[root@localhost bin]# yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk(x86-64) = 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless(x86-64) = 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java >= 2023d for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2020a-1.el7 will be updated ---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2024a-1.el7 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================== Installing: java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 updates 9.9 M Installing for dependencies: java-1.8.0-openjdk x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 updates 325 k java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 updates 33 M Updating for dependencies: tzdata-java noarch 2024a-1.el7 updates 187 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages) Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package) Total download size: 44 M Downloading packages: No Presto metadata available for updates (1/4): java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 325 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 9.9 MB 00:00:00 (3/4): tzdata-java-2024a-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 187 kB 00:00:00 (4/4): java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 33 MB 00:00:01 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 20 MB/s | 44 MB 00:00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : tzdata-java-2024a-1.el7.noarch 1/5 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 2/5 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 3/5 Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 4/5 Cleanup : tzdata-java-2020a-1.el7.noarch 5/5 Verifying : tzdata-java-2024a-1.el7.noarch 1/5 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : tzdata-java-2020a-1.el7.noarch 5/5 Installed: java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel.x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 Dependency Installed: java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9 Dependency Updated: tzdata-java.noarch 0:2024a-1.el7 Complete!

6：启动Nacos

[root@localhost bin]# sh startup.sh -m standalone /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64/bin/java -Djava.ext.dirs=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/ext:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64/lib/ext -Xms512m -Xmx512m -Xmn256m -Dnacos.standalone=true -Dnacos.member.list= -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=70 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=0 -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 -Xloggc:/usr/local/src/nacos/logs/nacos_gc.log -verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=100M -Dloader.path=/usr/local/src/nacos/plugins,/usr/local/src/nacos/plugins/health,/usr/local/src/nacos/plugins/cmdb,/usr/local/src/nacos/plugins/selector -Dnacos.home=/usr/local/src/nacos -jar /usr/local/src/nacos/target/nacos-server.jar --spring.config.additional-location=file:/usr/local/src/nacos/conf/ --logging.config=/usr/local/src/nacos/conf/nacos-logback.xml --server.max-http-header-size=524288 nacos is starting with standalone nacos is starting. you can check the /usr/local/src/nacos/logs/start.out

7：验证是否启动成功

[root@localhost bin]# cat /usr/local/src/nacos/logs/start.out /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64/bin/java -Djava.ext.dirs=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64/jre/lib/ext:/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.412.b08-1.el7_9.x86_64/lib/ext -Xms512m -Xmx512m -Xmn256m -Dnacos.standalone=true -Dnacos.member.list= -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=70 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=0 -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:SurvivorRatio=8 -Xloggc:/usr/local/src/nacos/logs/nacos_gc.log -verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=100M -Dloader.path=/usr/local/src/nacos/plugins,/usr/local/src/nacos/plugins/health,/usr/local/src/nacos/plugins/cmdb,/usr/local/src/nacos/plugins/selector -Dnacos.home=/usr/local/src/nacos -jar /usr/local/src/nacos/target/nacos-server.jar --spring.config.additional-location=file:/usr/local/src/nacos/conf/ --logging.config=/usr/local/src/nacos/conf/nacos-logback.xml --server.max-http-header-size=524288 OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release. ,--. ,--.'| ,--,: : | Nacos 2.4.3 ,`--.'`| ' : ,---. Running in stand alone mode, All function modules | : : | | ' ,'\ .--.--. Port: 8848 : | \ | : ,--.--. ,---. / / | / / ' Pid: 29501 | : ' '; | / \ / \. ; ,. :| : /`./ Console: http://192.168.67.133:8848/nacos/index.html ' ' ;. ;.--. .-. | / / '' | |: :| : ;_ | | | \ | \__\/: . .. ' / ' | .; : \ \ `. https://nacos.io ' : | ; .' ," .--.; |' ; :__| : | `----. \ | | '`--' / / ,. |' | '.'|\ \ / / /`--' / ' : | ; : .' \ : : `----' '--'. / ; |.' | , .-./\ \ / `--'---' '---' `--`---' `----' 2026-02-04 03:19:49,177 INFO Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8848 (http) 2026-02-04 03:19:49,346 INFO Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1839 ms 2026-02-04 03:19:52,537 INFO Will secure any request with [org.springframework.security.web.session.DisableEncodeUrlFilter@5f0f9947, org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter@1aad0b1, org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter@6cff61fc, org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter@2924f1d8, org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CsrfFilter@277b8fa4, org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter@65e21ce3, org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter@467b684d, org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter@6cc86152, org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter@c3edf4c, org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter@5b5e7036, org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter@12fcc71f] 2026-02-04 03:19:52,816 INFO Adding welcome page: class path resource [static/index.html] 2026-02-04 03:19:53,171 INFO Exposing 1 endpoint(s) beneath base path '/actuator' 2026-02-04 03:19:53,194 WARN You are asking Spring Security to ignore Ant [pattern='/**']. This is not recommended -- please use permitAll via HttpSecurity#authorizeHttpRequests instead. 2026-02-04 03:19:53,194 INFO Will not secure Ant [pattern='/**'] 2026-02-04 03:19:53,194 WARN You are asking Spring Security to ignore Mvc [pattern='/prometheus']. This is not recommended -- please use permitAll via HttpSecurity#authorizeHttpRequests instead. 2026-02-04 03:19:53,194 INFO Will not secure Mvc [pattern='/prometheus'] 2026-02-04 03:19:53,194 WARN You are asking Spring Security to ignore Mvc [pattern='/prometheus/namespaceId/{namespaceId}']. This is not recommended -- please use permitAll via HttpSecurity#authorizeHttpRequests instead. 2026-02-04 03:19:53,194 INFO Will not secure Mvc [pattern='/prometheus/namespaceId/{namespaceId}'] 2026-02-04 03:19:53,195 WARN You are asking Spring Security to ignore Mvc [pattern='/prometheus/namespaceId/{namespaceId}/service/{service}']. This is not recommended -- please use permitAll via HttpSecurity#authorizeHttpRequests instead. 2026-02-04 03:19:53,195 INFO Will not secure Mvc [pattern='/prometheus/namespaceId/{namespaceId}/service/{service}'] 2026-02-04 03:19:53,266 INFO Tomcat started on port(s): 8848 (http) with context path '/nacos' 2026-02-04 03:19:53,276 INFO No TaskScheduler/ScheduledExecutorService bean found for scheduled processing 2026-02-04 03:19:53,297 INFO Nacos started successfully in stand alone mode. use embedded storage