当前位置：首页 > news >正文

FastAPI系列（18）：ORM查询操作

news 2026/3/27 2:46:33

本系列汇总，请查看这里：https://www.cnblogs.com/uncleyong/p/19503695

添加表数据

手动依次添加以下表数据：

clas

teacher

course，依赖teacher

student，依赖clas

student_course，多对多的表

main.py

import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI
from tortoise.contrib.fastapi import register_tortoisefrom test_orm.api.student import student_api
from test_orm.settings import TORTOISE_ORMapp = FastAPI()app.include_router(student_api, prefix="/student", tags=["学生接口"])# register_tortoise是注册函数，fastapi一旦运行，register_tortoise已经执行，通过传递进去的app对象，监听服务启动和终止事件
register_tortoise(app=app,config=TORTOISE_ORM,
)if __name__ == '__main__':uvicorn.run('main:app', host='127.0.0.1', port=8001, reload=True, workers=1)

补充：

# 该方法会在fastapi启动时触发，内部通过传递进去的app对象，监听服务启动和终止事件
# 当检测到启动事件时，会初始化Tortoise对象，如果generate_schemas为True则还会进行数据库迁移
# 当检测到终止事件时，会关闭连接
register_tortoise(app,config=TORTOISE_ORM,# generate_schemas=True,  # 如果数据库为空，则自动生成对应表单，生产环境不要开# add_exception_handlers=True,  # 生产环境不要开，会泄露调试信息
)

查询所有：all

from fastapi import APIRouterfrom test_orm.models import Studentstudent_api = APIRouter()@student_api.get("/")
def getAllStudent():# 查询所有 all方法students = Student.all()  # Queryset: [Student(),Student(),Student()]print(students)  # <tortoise.queryset.QuerySet object at 0x0000025B92F0FD00>return {"msg": "查询所有学生"}

浏览器请求后：因为没有加await，所以结果是一个QuerySet，加了才是返回对象

from fastapi import APIRouterfrom test_orm.models import Studentstudent_api = APIRouter()@student_api.get("/")
def getAllStudent():# 查询所有all方法students = Student.all()  # Queryset: [Student(),Student(),Student()]print(students)  # <tortoise.queryset.QuerySet object at 0x0000025B92F0FD00>for student in students:print(student.name, student.sno)return {"msg": "查询所有学生"}

浏览器请求后报错：tortoise.exceptions.ParamsError: QuerySet indices must be slices

tortoise是支持异步操作数据库的orm，必须异步，协程并发（支持大并发，请求来了放到一个请求队列），加async

from fastapi import APIRouterfrom test_orm.models import Studentstudent_api = APIRouter()@student_api.get("/")
async def getAllStudent():# 查询所有all方法students = await Student.all()  # Queryset: [Student(),Student(),Student()]print(students)for student in students:print(student.name, student.sno)return {"msg": "查询所有学生"}

浏览器请求后

可以循环，也可以索引访问

from fastapi import APIRouterfrom test_orm.models import Studentstudent_api = APIRouter()@student_api.get("/")
async def getAllStudent():# (1) 查询所有 all方法students = await Student.all()  # Queryset: [Student(),Student(),Student()]print(students, type(students))for student in students:print(student.name, student.sno)print(students[0])print(students[1])print(students[0].name)return {"msg": "查询所有学生"}

浏览器请求后

过滤查询：filter

返回模型类型对象list

from fastapi import APIRouterfrom test_orm.models import Studentstudent_api = APIRouter()@student_api.get("/")
async def getAllStudent():students = await Student.filter(name="ren")print(students, type(students))print(students[0].name)students = await Student.filter(clas_id=2)print(students)print(students[0].name)return {"msg": "ok"}

浏览器请求后

过滤查询：get

返回模型类型对象

from fastapi import APIRouterfrom test_orm.models import Studentstudent_api = APIRouter()@student_api.get("/")
async def getAllStudent():students = await Student.get(name="ren")print(students, type(students))print(students.name)students = await Student.get(clas_id=2)print(students)print(students.name)return {"msg": "ok"}

浏览器请求后

模糊查询

from fastapi import APIRouterfrom test_orm.models import Studentstudent_api = APIRouter()@student_api.get("/")
async def getAllStudent():students = await Student.filter(sno__gt=1001)  # __gt表示大于print(students, students[0], students[0].name)students = await Student.filter(sno__range=[1000, 9999])  # __range表示范围print(students, students[0], students[0].name)students = await Student.filter(sno__in=[1001, 2002])  # __in表示在哪些值中print(students, students[0], students[0].name)return {"msg": "ok"}

浏览器请求后

values查询

from fastapi import APIRouterfrom test_orm.models import Studentstudent_api = APIRouter()@student_api.get("/")
async def getAllStudent():students = await Student.filter(sno__range=[1, 10000])  # [Student(),Student(),Student(),...]print(students, students[0], students[0].name)students = await Student.all().values("name", "sno")  # [{},{},{},...]print(students, type(students))return {"结果": students}

浏览器请求后