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基于三层架构的C#网络配置管理系统（IP修改与XML持久化）

news 2026/4/2 20:56:46

一、系统架构设计

二、分层实现

1. Model层（实体类）

// NetworkConfig.cs
namespace Model
{public class NetworkConfig{public string AdapterName { get; set; }  // 网卡名称public string IPAddress { get; set; }     // IP地址public string SubnetMask { get; set; }    // 子网掩码public string Gateway { get; set; }       // 网关public bool IsDHCP { get; set; }          // 是否启用DHCP}
}

2. DAL层（数据访问）

// NetworkConfigDAL.cs
using System.Xml.Linq;
using Model;namespace DAL
{public class NetworkConfigDAL{private const string ConfigPath = "network_config.xml";// 读取配置public List<NetworkConfig> GetConfigs(){if (!System.IO.File.Exists(ConfigPath))return new List<NetworkConfig>();var xml = XDocument.Load(ConfigPath);return xml.Descendants("Network").Select(x => new NetworkConfig{AdapterName = x.Element("AdapterName")?.Value,IPAddress = x.Element("IPAddress")?.Value,SubnetMask = x.Element("SubnetMask")?.Value,Gateway = x.Element("Gateway")?.Value,IsDHCP = (bool?)x.Element("IsDHCP") ?? false}).ToList();}// 保存配置public void SaveConfig(NetworkConfig config){var xml = new XDocument(new XElement("NetworkConfigs",new XElement("Network",new XElement("AdapterName", config.AdapterName),new XElement("IPAddress", config.IPAddress),new XElement("SubnetMask", config.SubnetMask),new XElement("Gateway", config.Gateway),new XElement("IsDHCP", config.IsDHCP))));xml.Save(ConfigPath);}}
}

3. BLL层（业务逻辑）

// NetworkConfigBLL.cs
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using DAL;
using Model;namespace BLL
{public class NetworkConfigBLL{private readonly NetworkConfigDAL _dal = new NetworkConfigDAL();// 加载配置public List<NetworkConfig> LoadConfigs(){return _dal.GetConfigs();}// 应用配置到网卡public bool ApplyConfig(NetworkConfig config){var adapter = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces().FirstOrDefault(ni => ni.Name.Equals(config.AdapterName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));if (adapter == null) return false;// 禁用DHCPif (!config.IsDHCP){var managementClass = new ManagementClass("Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration");var instances = managementClass.GetInstances();foreach (ManagementObject instance in instances){if (instance["SettingID"].ToString() == adapter.Id){instance.InvokeMethod("EnableDHCP", null); // 关闭DHCPinstance.InvokeMethod("SetGateways", new object[] { new string[] { config.Gateway } });instance.InvokeMethod("EnableStatic", new object[] { new string[] { config.IPAddress }, new string[] { config.SubnetMask } });return true;}}}return false;}}
}

4. UI层（界面交互）

// MainForm.cs
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using BLL;
using Model;namespace UI
{public partial class MainForm : Form{private readonly NetworkConfigBLL _bll = new NetworkConfigBLL();public MainForm(){InitializeComponent();LoadNetworkConfigs();}// 加载配置列表private void LoadNetworkConfigs(){var configs = _bll.LoadConfigs();lstConfigs.Items.Clear();foreach (var config in configs){lstConfigs.Items.Add($"{config.AdapterName} - {(config.IsDHCP ? "DHCP" : "静态IP")}");}}// 修改IP并保存private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){var config = new NetworkConfig{AdapterName = txtAdapterName.Text,IPAddress = txtIP.Text,SubnetMask = txtSubnet.Text,Gateway = txtGateway.Text,IsDHCP = chkDHCP.Checked};if (_bll.ApplyConfig(config)){MessageBox.Show("配置已保存并应用！");}else{MessageBox.Show("网卡未找到或配置失败！");}}}
}

三、XML配置文件示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<NetworkConfigs><Network><AdapterName>以太网</AdapterName><IPAddress>192.168.1.100</IPAddress><SubnetMask>255.255.255.0</SubnetMask><Gateway>192.168.1.1</Gateway><IsDHCP>false</IsDHCP></Network>
</NetworkConfigs>

四、关键功能实现

1. 网卡枚举与选择

// 获取所有网卡名称
var adapters = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces().Where(ni => ni.OperationalStatus == OperationalStatus.Up).Select(ni => ni.Name).ToList();

2. IP地址合法性验证

// 验证IPv4地址格式
public static bool IsValidIP(string ip)
{return IPAddress.TryParse(ip, out IPAddress addr) && addr.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork;
}

3. 自动获取当前IP（备用方案）

// 自动检测当前IP配置
public NetworkConfig GetCurrentConfig()
{var adapter = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces().FirstOrDefault(ni => ni.OperationalStatus == OperationalStatus.Up);if (adapter != null){var ipProps = adapter.GetIPProperties();return new NetworkConfig{AdapterName = adapter.Name,IPAddress = ipProps.UnicastAddresses.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Address.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)?.Address.ToString(),SubnetMask = ipProps.UnicastAddresses.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Address.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)?.GetAddressBytes().Take(4).Aggregate("", (s, b) => s + $"{b:X2}.").TrimEnd('.'),Gateway = ipProps.GatewayAddresses.FirstOrDefault()?.Address.ToString(),IsDHCP = ipProps.DnsSuffix != null};}return null;
}

五、异常处理与权限

管理员权限声明

在app.manifest中添加：

<requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" />

异常捕获

try
{// 网络配置操作
}
catch (ManagementException ex)
{MessageBox.Show($"WMI操作失败: {ex.Message}");
}
catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
{MessageBox.Show("需要管理员权限！");
}

参考代码 IP设置工具（三层构架） www.youwenfan.com/contentcnr/37551.html

六、扩展功能

批量配置多网卡

public void BatchApplyConfigs(List<NetworkConfig> configs)
{foreach (var config in configs){ApplyConfig(config);}
}

配置模板导入导出

// 从文件加载配置
public List<NetworkConfig> ImportConfigs(string filePath) => _dal.GetConfigs(filePath);// 导出配置到文件
public void ExportConfigs(List<NetworkConfig> configs, string filePath)
{var xml = new XDocument(new XElement("NetworkConfigs", configs.Select(c => new XElement("Network", new XElement("AdapterName", c.AdapterName),new XElement("IPAddress", c.IPAddress),new XElement("SubnetMask", c.SubnetMask),new XElement("Gateway", c.Gateway),new XElement("IsDHCP", c.IsDHCP)))));xml.Save(filePath);
}

七、测试用例

场景	输入	预期结果
修改静态IP	AdapterName=以太网, IP=192.168.1.100	网卡IP成功修改，XML记录更新
启用DHCP	AdapterName=无线网卡, IsDHCP=true	网卡获取动态IP，XML中DHCP标记为true
加载配置文件	读取network_config.xml	显示历史配置列表