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SpringBoot使用TraceId日志链路追踪

news 2026/4/3 16:59:46

业务需求

　　保证一次服务调用，在业务中可以一次追查到本次服务调用涉及的本地服务方法，第三方服务接口。实现日志的链路追踪。保证日志的高查找性。

实现步骤

　　1、pom.xml 依赖

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId></dependency><!--lombok配置--><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.16.10</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

2、整合logback，打印日志，logback.xml (日志配置文件)

关键代码：[traceId:%X{traceId}]，traceId是通过拦截器里MDC.put(traceId, tid)添加。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration debug="false"><!--日志存储路径--><property name="log" value="D:/test/log" /><!-- 控制台输出 --><appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"><encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder"><!--输出格式化--><pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}]  %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern></encoder></appender><!-- 按天生成日志文件 --><appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"><!--日志文件名--><FileNamePattern>${log}/%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern><!--保留天数--><MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory></rollingPolicy><encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder"><pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}]  %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern></encoder><!--日志文件最大的大小--><triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy"><MaxFileSize>10MB</MaxFileSize></triggeringPolicy></appender><!-- 日志输出级别 --><root level="INFO"><appender-ref ref="console" /><appender-ref ref="file" /></root>
</configuration>

3、application.yml指定logback.xml配置目录

logging:config: classpath:logback.xml

4、异步线程的跟踪ID链路追踪

业务逻辑是基于线程数据的传递进行处理，主线程传递线程ID到子线程。处理方式：重写线程池的execute（*）、submit（*）方法。

public final class MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor {public MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor() {super();}@Overridepublic void execute(Runnable task) {super.execute(TraceIdUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));}@Overridepublic <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {return super.submit(TraceIdUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));}@Overridepublic Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {return super.submit(TraceIdUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));}
}

4、异步定时任务线程接口ScheduledExecutorService的日志链路追踪。在执行前，执行后进行跟踪ID的生成和删除。

 @Bean(name = "scheduledExecutorService")protected ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService() {return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize,new BasicThreadFactory.Builder().namingPattern("schedule-pool-%d").daemon(true).build(),new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()) {@Overrideprotected void beforeExecute(Thread thread, Runnable runnable) {super.beforeExecute(thread, runnable);// 为定时任务生成一个 traceId
                TraceIdUtil.setTraceId();// 可选：添加任务标识System.out.println("Scheduled task starting with traceId: " + TraceIdUtil.getTraceId());}@Overrideprotected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {super.afterExecute(r, t);Threads.printException(r, t);TraceIdUtil.remove();}};}