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分布式事务：2PC、TCC、SAGA 模式实现

news 2026/3/27 2:25:49

2PC 模式实现代码

分布式事务的 2PC（两阶段提交）模式通过协调者（Coordinator）和参与者（Participant）实现。以下是一个简化的 Java 实现示例：

public interface Participant { boolean prepare(); boolean commit(); boolean rollback(); } public class Coordinator { private List<Participant> participants; public boolean executeTransaction() { // Phase 1: Prepare for (Participant participant : participants) { if (!participant.prepare()) { // Phase 2: Rollback participants.forEach(Participant::rollback); return false; } } // Phase 2: Commit for (Participant participant : participants) { if (!participant.commit()) { // Rollback if any commit fails participants.forEach(Participant::rollback); return false; } } return true; } }

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TCC 模式实现代码

TCC（Try-Confirm-Cancel）模式通过业务逻辑的拆分实现分布式事务。以下是 TCC 的 Java 实现示例：

public interface TccService { boolean tryAction(); boolean confirmAction(); boolean cancelAction(); } public class TccCoordinator { private List<TccService> services; public boolean execute() { // Try Phase for (TccService service : services) { if (!service.tryAction()) { // Cancel Phase services.forEach(TccService::cancelAction); return false; } } // Confirm Phase for (TccService service : services) { if (!service.confirmAction()) { // Cancel if any confirm fails services.forEach(TccService::cancelAction); return false; } } return true; } }

SAGA 模式实现代码

SAGA 模式通过正向操作和补偿操作实现最终一致性。以下是 SAGA 的 Java 实现示例：

public interface SagaAction { boolean execute(); boolean compensate(); } public class SagaCoordinator { private List<SagaAction> actions; public boolean execute() { List<SagaAction> executedActions = new ArrayList<>(); for (SagaAction action : actions) { if (!action.execute()) { // Compensate executed actions in reverse order for (int i = executedActions.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { executedActions.get(i).compensate(); } return false; } executedActions.add(action); } return true; } }