ABAP 创建动态内表查询任意透明表并进行ALV展示

该功能可以根据用户在选择屏幕输入的表名、行数，动态创建内表、动态查询，然后根据获取到的数据进行ALV展示。

代码如下：

REPORT ZMYDEMO001. DATA: GV_TABNAME TYPE TABNAME, GR_DATA_TABLE TYPE REF TO DATA, LO_TYPEDESCR TYPE REF TO CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR, GO_STRUCT_DESCR TYPE REF TO CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR, GO_TABLE_DESCR TYPE REF TO CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR, LV_LINE_COUNT TYPE I, LV_TABCLASS TYPE TABCLASS, LV_DOMNAME TYPE DOMNAME, LV_SCRTEXT_S TYPE SCRTEXT_S. * 字段描述存储（全版本兼容结构） DATA: LT_DDFIELD TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF DFIES, LS_DDFIELD TYPE DFIES. DATA: LV_JSON_STRING TYPE STRING. *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * 字段符号声明 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FT_DATA> TYPE ANY TABLE, <FS_LINE> TYPE ANY, <FS_FIELD> TYPE ANY. *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * 选择屏幕 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK B1. PARAMETERS: P_NAME TYPE TABNAME OBLIGATORY, P_MAX TYPE I DEFAULT 500. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK B1. *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * 主程序 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* START-OF-SELECTION. " 1. 表名转大写 GV_TABNAME = P_NAME. TRANSLATE GV_TABNAME TO UPPER CASE. " 2. 验证表存在性和类型 SELECT SINGLE TABCLASS INTO LV_TABCLASS FROM DD02L WHERE TABNAME = GV_TABNAME AND AS4LOCAL = 'A' AND AS4VERS = '0000'. IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. MESSAGE '错误：表不存在或未激活' TYPE 'E'. ENDIF. IF LV_TABCLASS <> 'TRANSP' AND LV_TABCLASS <> 'VIEW'. MESSAGE '错误：只支持查询透明表和视图' TYPE 'E'. ENDIF. " 3. 读取字段描述（内置类型+数据元素双保险）（重要步骤） PERFORM GET_FIELD_DESC_ULTIMATE USING GV_TABNAME CHANGING LT_DDFIELD. " 4. 动态创建内表（核心步骤） TRY. LO_TYPEDESCR = CL_ABAP_STRUCTDESCR=>DESCRIBE_BY_NAME( GV_TABNAME ). GO_STRUCT_DESCR ?= LO_TYPEDESCR. GO_TABLE_DESCR = CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR=>CREATE( P_LINE_TYPE = GO_STRUCT_DESCR P_TABLE_KIND = CL_ABAP_TABLEDESCR=>TABLEKIND_STD ). CREATE DATA GR_DATA_TABLE TYPE HANDLE GO_TABLE_DESCR. CATCH CX_ROOT INTO DATA(LX_CREATE). MESSAGE '动态创建内表失败: ' && LX_CREATE->GET_TEXT( ) TYPE 'E'. ENDTRY. " 5. 分配字段符号 ASSIGN GR_DATA_TABLE->* TO <FT_DATA>. IF <FT_DATA> IS NOT ASSIGNED. MESSAGE '错误：无法分配内表字段符号' TYPE 'E'. ENDIF. " 6. 动态查询数据 IF P_MAX <= 0 OR P_MAX > 2000. P_MAX = 500. ENDIF. TRY. SELECT * UP TO P_MAX ROWS INTO TABLE <FT_DATA> FROM (GV_TABNAME). IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. MESSAGE 'SQL查询失败: 没有找到数据' TYPE 'I'. ENDIF. CATCH CX_ROOT INTO DATA(LX_SELECT). MESSAGE 'SQL查询失败: ' && LX_SELECT->GET_TEXT( ) TYPE 'E'. ENDTRY. "ALV展示 PERFORM SHOW_DATA_ALV. *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * 子例程1：读取字段描述（内置类型+数据元素全支持） *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM GET_FIELD_DESC_ULTIMATE USING IV_TAB TYPE TABNAME CHANGING CT_FLD TYPE DFIES_TAB. CALL FUNCTION 'DDIF_FIELDINFO_GET' EXPORTING TABNAME = IV_TAB LANGU = SY-LANGU ALL_TYPES = 'X' TABLES DFIES_TAB = CT_FLD EXCEPTIONS OTHERS = 1. IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. MESSAGE '获取字段信息失败' TYPE 'E'. ENDIF. " 为内置类型字段补全描述 LOOP AT CT_FLD INTO LS_DDFIELD. IF LS_DDFIELD-ROLLNAME IS INITIAL. " 尝试1：从DD03T获取表字段专属文本 SELECT SINGLE DDTEXT INTO LS_DDFIELD-SCRTEXT_S FROM DD03T WHERE TABNAME = IV_TAB AND FIELDNAME = LS_DDFIELD-FIELDNAME AND DDLANGUAGE = SY-LANGU. " 尝试2：从域文本表获取描述 IF LS_DDFIELD-SCRTEXT_S IS INITIAL AND LS_DDFIELD-DOMNAME IS NOT INITIAL. SELECT SINGLE DDTEXT INTO LS_DDFIELD-SCRTEXT_S FROM DD07T WHERE DOMNAME = LS_DDFIELD-DOMNAME AND DDLANGUAGE = SY-LANGU. ENDIF. " 尝试3：兜底方案 IF LS_DDFIELD-SCRTEXT_S IS INITIAL. CONCATENATE LS_DDFIELD-FIELDNAME '(' LS_DDFIELD-INTTYPE ')' INTO LS_DDFIELD-SCRTEXT_S. ENDIF. MODIFY CT_FLD FROM LS_DDFIELD. ENDIF. ENDLOOP. ENDFORM. *----------------------------------------------------------------------* * 子例程2：ALV显示 *----------------------------------------------------------------------* FORM SHOW_DATA_ALV. DATA: LO_ALV TYPE REF TO CL_SALV_TABLE, LO_COLS TYPE REF TO CL_SALV_COLUMNS_TABLE, LO_COL TYPE REF TO CL_SALV_COLUMN_TABLE, LV_TEXT TYPE SCRTEXT_S. TRY. CL_SALV_TABLE=>FACTORY( IMPORTING R_SALV_TABLE = LO_ALV CHANGING T_TABLE = <FT_DATA> ). LO_COLS = LO_ALV->GET_COLUMNS( ). LO_COLS->SET_OPTIMIZE( ABAP_TRUE ). LOOP AT LT_DDFIELD INTO LS_DDFIELD. TRY. LO_COL ?= LO_COLS->GET_COLUMN( LS_DDFIELD-FIELDNAME ). IF LS_DDFIELD-SCRTEXT_S IS NOT INITIAL. LV_TEXT = LS_DDFIELD-SCRTEXT_S. ELSE. LV_TEXT = LS_DDFIELD-FIELDNAME. ENDIF. LO_COL->SET_SHORT_TEXT( LV_TEXT ). CATCH CX_ROOT. CONTINUE. ENDTRY. ENDLOOP. LO_ALV->DISPLAY( ). CATCH CX_ROOT. " ALV异常时降级输出 LOOP AT <FT_DATA> ASSIGNING <FS_LINE>. WRITE: / <FS_LINE>. ENDLOOP. ENDTRY. ENDFORM.