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Three.js 简单3d拓扑图教程

news 2026/6/29 16:31:31

简单3d拓扑图 ·3D Topology· ▶ 在线运行案例

案例合集：三维可视化功能案例（threehub.cn）
开源仓库github地址：https://github.com/z2586300277/three-cesium-examples
400个案例代码:网盘链接

你将学到什么

OrbitControls 相机轨道交互
CatmullRomCurve3 样条曲线路径
requestAnimationFrame渲染循环与resize自适应

效果说明

本案例演示简单3d拓扑图效果：基于 WebGL 实现「简单3d拓扑图」可视化效果，附完整可运行源码；核心用到 OrbitControls、CatmullRomCurve3。建议先打开文首在线案例查看动态画面，再对照下方源码逐步理解。

核心概念

OrbitControls轨道旋转缩放；开enableDamping时每帧需controls.update()。

实现步骤

搭建 Scene / Camera / Renderer 与 OrbitControls
rAF 循环中 update 并 render

代码要点

import * as THREE from "three"import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js'
const box = document.getElementById('box')
const scene = new THREE.Scene() const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, box.clientWidth / box.clientHeight, 0.1, 1000) camera.position.set(0, 40, 40)
const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, alpha: true, preserveDrawingBuffer: true, logarithmicDepthBuffer: true }) renderer.setSize(box.clientWidth, box.clientHeight) renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio * 2) // 像素比 box.appendChild(renderer.domElement)
const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement) controls.enableDamping = true controls.dampingFactor = 0.05
window.onresize = () => { renderer.setSize(box.clientWidth, box.clientHeight) camera.aspect = box.clientWidth / box.clientHeight camera.updateProjectionMatrix() }
animate() function animate() { requestAnimationFrame(animate) controls.update() renderer.render(scene, camera) }
scene.add(new THREE.AxesHelper(200))
const arr = [ { id: 1, name: '电脑', color: 0x38c9d8, level: 1, coord: [0, 0], line: [2, 3, 4, 5, 13], icon: HOST + '/files/author/z2586300277.png' }, { id: 2, name: '主机', level: 1, color: 0x3021c1, coord: [2, 1], line: [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11], icon: HOST + '/files/author/z2586300277.png' }, { id: 3, name: '显示器', level: 1, color: 0x3021c1, coord: [2, 2], line: [9], icon: HOST + '/files/author/KallkaGo.jpg' }, { id: 4, name: '键盘', level: 1, color: 0x3021c1, coord: [2, -2], line: [6], icon: HOST + '/files/author/z2586300277.png' }, { id: 5, name: '鼠标', level: 1, color: 0x3021c1, coord: [2, 3], line: [], icon: HOST + '/files/author/z2586300277.png' }, { id: 6, name: '主板', level: 1, color: 0xffe0a1, coord: [4, -1], line: [], icon: HOST + '/files/author/flowers-10.jpg' }, { id: 7, name: '硬盘', level: 1, color: 0xffe0a1, coord: [4, -2], line: [], icon: HOST + '/files/author/flowers-10.jpg' }, { id: 8, name: '显卡', level: 1, color: 0xffe0a1, coord: [4, -3], line: [], icon: HOST + '/files/author/flowers-10.jpg' }, { id: 9, name: '屏幕', level: 1, color: 0xffe0a1, coord: [4, 2], line: [], icon: HOST + '/files/author/flowers-10.jpg' }, { id: 10, name: 'CPU', level: 1, color: 0xffe0a1, coord: [4, 1], line: [], icon: HOST + '/files/author/flowers-10.jpg' }, { id: 11, name: '内存条', level: 1, color: 0xffe0a1, coord: [4, 0], line: [12], icon: HOST + '/files/author/flowers-10.jpg' }, { id: 12, name: '测试', level: 1, color: 'pink', coord: [6, 0], line: [], icon: HOST + '/files/author/flowers-10.jpg' }, { id: 13, name: '测试', level: 2, color: 'pink', coord: [7, 5], line: [], icon: HOST + '/files/author/KallkaGo.jpg' }, ]
const arr2 = [ [2, 3, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] ]
const options = { xzScale: 10, meshScale: 5, flowDirection: 'right', fontSize: 1.5, textHeight: 0 } const { xzScale, meshScale } = options
// 创建组 const group = new THREE.Group() group.position.set(0, 10, 0) group.rotation.x += Math.PI / 2 scene.add(group);
// 网格辅助 const grid = new THREE.GridHelper(20 * xzScale, xzScale, '#fff', 0xffffff) group.add(grid) grid.material.opacity = 0.5 grid.material.transparent = true
// 遍历节点 const boxArr = arr.map((i, k) => { const box = createBoxNode(meshScale, xzScale, i) group.add(box) return box })
// 创建连接线 boxArr.forEach((i, k) => { const { line } = i.info line.map((id, z) => { const mesh = boxArr.find(j => j.info.id === id) if (mesh) try { const flowLine = createFlowLine(i.position, mesh.position, { ...options, radius: 0.1, color: i.info.color }) group.add(flowLine) } catch (e) { } }) })
// 创建容器 arr2.forEach((i, k) => { const positions = i.map(j => boxArr.find(z => z.info.id === j).position) const mesh = createContainerNode(positions, meshScale) group.add(mesh) })
/创建容器/ function createContainerNode(positions, meshScale) { const max = ['x', 'y', 'z'].map(i => Math.max(...positions.map(j => j[i]))) const min = ['x', 'y', 'z'].map(i => Math.min(...positions.map(j => j[i]))) const [width, height, depth] = max.map((i, k) => Math.abs(i - min[k])).map(i => i + meshScale * 2) const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(width, height, depth) const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 'red', transparent: true, opacity: 0.2 }) const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material) mesh.renderOrder = 1 mesh.position.set((max[0] + min[0]) / 2, (max[1] + min[1]) / 2, (max[2] + min[2]) / 2) return mesh }
/创建立方体节点/ function createBoxNode(meshScale, xzScale, i) { const { coord } = i const box = new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.BoxGeometry(meshScale, meshScale, meshScale), new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: i.color || '' }) ) box.position.set(coord[0]xzScale, 0, coord[1]xzScale) box.info = i if (i.icon) { const plane = new THREE.Mesh( new THREE.PlaneGeometry(meshScale0.8, meshScale0.8), new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ map: new THREE.TextureLoader().load(i.icon) }) ) plane.position.set(0, 0, meshScale / 2 * 1.01) const plane2 = plane.clone() plane2.position.set(0, 0, -meshScale / 2 * 1.01) box.add(plane, plane2) }
box.rotation.x += -Math.PI / 2 return box }
/创建流程线/ function createFlowLine(p1, p2, options = {}) { const { meshScale, flowDirection } = options let p3 if (flowDirection === 'right') p3 = new THREE.Vector3(p1.x, 0, p2.z) else p3 = new THREE.Vector3(p2.x, 0, p1.z) const distance = p3.distanceTo(p2) const p4 = p3.clone().lerp(p2, (distance - meshScale * 0.8) / distance)
// 创建曲线 const curve = new THREE.CatmullRomCurve3([p1, p3, p3.clone().multiplyScalar(1.001), p4]) const { radius, segments, color, radialSegments } = options const geometry = new THREE.TubeGeometry(curve, segments || 100, radius || 0.5, radialSegments || 8, false) const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: color || 0x00ff00 }) const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material)
// 创建一个圆锥箭头 const g = new THREE.ConeGeometry(radius ? radius4 : 2, meshScale0.4, radialSegments || 8) const m = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: color || 0x00ff00 }) const arrow = new THREE.Mesh(g, m) arrow.position.copy(p4) const { quaternion } = getDirectionQuaternion(p4, p2) arrow.quaternion.copy(quaternion)
// 创建一个组 const group = new THREE.Group() group.add(arrow) group.add(mesh)
return group }
function getDirectionQuaternion(start, end) { const direction = new THREE.Vector3() direction.subVectors(end, start).normalize() const quaternion = new THREE.Quaternion() quaternion.setFromUnitVectors(new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 0), direction) const euler = new THREE.Euler() euler.setFromQuaternion(quaternion) return { quaternion, euler }}