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SpringAI-ChatMemory

news 2026/5/11 16:42:40

官网地址：https://docs.spring.io/spring-ai/reference/api/chat-memory.html

1、描述

LLM是无状态的，不会保留先前的交互信息，为了解决这个问题，SpringAI提供了聊天记忆功能，使得在与LLM多次交互中存储和检索信息。

2、接口和类说明

ChatMemory为顶层接口，提供了三个方法，存储：add()、获取：get()、删除：clear()
ChatMemory的默认实现类：MessageWindowChatMemory，用来管理消息的存储和查询，维护一个消息窗口，最大大小为指定值。当消息数量超过最大值时，较旧的消息将被删除，同时保留系统消息。默认窗口大小为 20 条消息。
ChatMemoryRepository为操作对话消息的存储和查询的接口，方法列表：

public interface ChatMemoryRepository {List<String> findConversationIds();List<Message> findByConversationId(String conversationId);void saveAll(String conversationId, List<Message> messages);void deleteByConversationId(String conversationId);
}

ChatMemoryRepository的默认实现类：InMemoryChatMemoryRepository，使用内存存储消息
可以增加依赖，实现通过jdbc存储，实现类为：JdbcChatMemoryRepository

      <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId><artifactId>spring-ai-starter-model-chat-memory-repository-jdbc</artifactId></dependency>

配置：

spring.ai.chat.memory.repository.jdbc.platform = mysqlspring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

java配置

@Autowiredprivate DateTimeTools dateTimeTools;@Autowiredprivate JdbcChatMemoryRepository jdbcChatMemoryRepository;@Autowiredprivate MilvusVectorStore milvusVectorStore;@Beanpublic ChatMemory chatMemory() {return MessageWindowChatMemory.builder().chatMemoryRepository(jdbcChatMemoryRepository).maxMessages(10).build();}@Beanpublic ChatClient chatClient(OllamaChatModel ollamaChatModel) {return ChatClient.builder(ollamaChatModel).defaultTools(dateTimeTools).defaultAdvisors(MessageChatMemoryAdvisor.builder(chatMemory()).build()).build();}

3、聊天记忆Advisor

SpringAI提供了内置的Advisor

MessageChatMemoryAdvisor。此 Advisor 使用提供的 ChatMemory 实现管理对话记忆。在每次交互时，它从记忆中检索对话历史并将其作为消息集合包含在提示中。

通过阅读源码，可以看出，通过对话ID把聊天记忆查处，作为消息集合放在prompt中，关键代码：

public ChatClientRequest before(ChatClientRequest chatClientRequest, AdvisorChain advisorChain) {String conversationId = getConversationId(chatClientRequest.context(), this.defaultConversationId);// 1. Retrieve the chat memory for the current conversation.List<Message> memoryMessages = this.chatMemory.get(conversationId);// 2. Advise the request messages list.List<Message> processedMessages = new ArrayList<>(memoryMessages);processedMessages.addAll(chatClientRequest.prompt().getInstructions());// 3. Create a new request with the advised messages.ChatClientRequest processedChatClientRequest = chatClientRequest.mutate().prompt(chatClientRequest.prompt().mutate().messages(processedMessages).build()).build();// 4. Add the new user message to the conversation memory.UserMessage userMessage = processedChatClientRequest.prompt().getUserMessage();this.chatMemory.add(conversationId, userMessage);return processedChatClientRequest;}

PromptChatMemoryAdvisor。此 Advisor 使用提供的 ChatMemory 实现管理对话记忆。在每次交互时，它从记忆中检索对话历史并将其作为纯文本附加到系统提示中。

通过阅读源码，可以看出，通过记忆ID出聊天记忆之后，转为字符串，并且与系统消息，组成系统提示词模板放在prompt中，关键代码：

public ChatClientRequest before(ChatClientRequest chatClientRequest, AdvisorChain advisorChain) {String conversationId = getConversationId(chatClientRequest.context(), this.defaultConversationId);// 1. Retrieve the chat memory for the current conversation.List<Message> memoryMessages = this.chatMemory.get(conversationId);logger.debug("[PromptChatMemoryAdvisor.before] Memory before processing for conversationId={}: {}",conversationId, memoryMessages);// 2. Process memory messages as a string.String memory = memoryMessages.stream().filter(m -> m.getMessageType() == MessageType.USER || m.getMessageType() == MessageType.ASSISTANT).map(m -> m.getMessageType() + ":" + m.getText()).collect(Collectors.joining(System.lineSeparator()));// 3. Augment the system message.SystemMessage systemMessage = chatClientRequest.prompt().getSystemMessage();String augmentedSystemText = this.systemPromptTemplate.render(Map.of("instructions", systemMessage.getText(), "memory", memory));// 4. Create a new request with the augmented system message.ChatClientRequest processedChatClientRequest = chatClientRequest.mutate().prompt(chatClientRequest.prompt().augmentSystemMessage(augmentedSystemText)).build();// 5. Add all user messages from the current prompt to memory (after system// message is generated)// 4. Add the new user message to the conversation memory.UserMessage userMessage = processedChatClientRequest.prompt().getUserMessage();this.chatMemory.add(conversationId, userMessage);return processedChatClientRequest;}

VectorStoreChatMemoryAdvisor。此 Advisor 使用提供的 VectorStore 实现管理对话记忆。在每次交互时，它从向量存储中检索对话历史并将其作为纯文本附加到系统消息中。

通过阅读源码，可以看出，通过用户消息和对话ID，去向量数据库相似性匹配，最后将查询结果与系统消息组成系统提示词模版，放入到prompt中，关键代码：

public ChatClientRequest before(ChatClientRequest request, AdvisorChain advisorChain) {String conversationId = this.getConversationId(request.context(), this.defaultConversationId);String query = request.prompt().getUserMessage() != null ? request.prompt().getUserMessage().getText() : "";int topK = this.getChatMemoryTopK(request.context());String filter = "conversationId=='" + conversationId + "'";SearchRequest searchRequest = SearchRequest.builder().query(query).topK(topK).filterExpression(filter).build();List<Document> documents = this.vectorStore.similaritySearch(searchRequest);String longTermMemory = documents == null ? "" : (String)documents.stream().map(Document::getText).collect(Collectors.joining(System.lineSeparator()));SystemMessage systemMessage = request.prompt().getSystemMessage();String augmentedSystemText = this.systemPromptTemplate.render(Map.of("instructions", systemMessage.getText(), "long_term_memory", longTermMemory));ChatClientRequest processedChatClientRequest = request.mutate().prompt(request.prompt().augmentSystemMessage(augmentedSystemText)).build();UserMessage userMessage = processedChatClientRequest.prompt().getUserMessage();if (userMessage != null) {this.vectorStore.write(this.toDocuments(List.of(userMessage), conversationId));}return processedChatClientRequest;}

4、代码实现

使用JdbcChatMemoryRepository和MessageChatMemoryAdvisor实现一个聊天记忆的demo
pom依赖：

     <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId><artifactId>spring-ai-starter-model-chat-memory-repository-jdbc</artifactId></dependency>

properties配置：

spring.ai.chat.memory.repository.jdbc.platform = mysql
// 是否初始化脚本
spring.ai.chat.memory.repository.jdbc.initialize-schema = always
// 脚本位置
spring.ai.chat.memory.repository.jdbc.schema=classpath:schema/memory-mysql.sqlspring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_db?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

sql脚本：

create table spring_ai_chat_memory
(id              int auto_incrementprimary key,conversation_id int         null comment '对话ID',type            varchar(64) null comment '消息类型',content         text        null,timestamp       timestamp   null
);

配置类：

@Configuration
public class OllamaConfig {@Autowiredprivate JdbcChatMemoryRepository jdbcChatMemoryRepository;@Beanpublic ChatMemory chatMemory() {return MessageWindowChatMemory.builder().chatMemoryRepository(jdbcChatMemoryRepository).maxMessages(10).build();}@Beanpublic ChatClient chatClient(OllamaChatModel ollamaChatModel) {return ChatClient.builder(ollamaChatModel).defaultAdvisors(MessageChatMemoryAdvisor.builder(chatMemory()).build()).build();}}

入参：

@Data
public class ChatReq {private String memoryId;private String message;
}

controller：

    @PostMapping("chat")public Flux<String> chat(@RequestBody ChatReq chatReq) {Prompt prompt = new Prompt(chatReq.getMessage(), OllamaChatOptions.builder().model("qwen3:8b").disableThinking().build());return chatClient.prompt(prompt).advisors(a -> a.param(ChatMemory.CONVERSATION_ID, chatReq.getMemoryId())).stream().content();}

数据库数据：