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Three.js 着色器光效教程

news 2026/7/9 0:15:10

着色器光效 ·Shader Light· ▶ 在线运行案例

案例合集：三维可视化功能案例（threehub.cn）
开源仓库github地址：https://github.com/z2586300277/three-cesium-examples
400个案例代码:网盘链接

你将学到什么

ShaderMaterial 自定义着色器实现核心视觉效果
OrbitControls 相机轨道交互
Canvas 动态纹理贴图
requestAnimationFrame渲染循环与resize自适应

效果说明

本案例演示着色器光效效果：用 Canvas 2D 绘制内容并实时映射为 Three.js 纹理；核心用到 ShaderMaterial、OrbitControls、Canvas。建议先打开文首在线案例查看动态画面，再对照下方源码逐步理解。

核心概念

Scene / Camera / WebGLRenderer构成最小渲染闭环；大场景可开logarithmicDepthBuffer缓解 Z-fighting。
ShaderMaterial通过uniforms+ 自定义 GLSL 控制逐像素/逐点效果；透明粒子常配合depthTest: false。
OrbitControls提供轨道旋转/缩放；开启enableDamping后需在 animate 中controls.update()。
CanvasTexture每帧或按需把 2D Canvas 内容上传 GPU，适合动态文字、图表、视频帧贴图。

实现步骤

搭建 Scene、PerspectiveCamera、WebGLRenderer，挂载 canvas 并处理resize
定义 uniforms / onBeforeCompile 或 ShaderMaterial，编写 GLSL 与材质参数
创建 OrbitControls（及 Raycaster 等交互控件，若源码包含）
在requestAnimationFrame循环中更新状态并 render（Cesium 为viewer.render或自动渲染）

代码要点

import * as THREE from 'three'import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js'
let scene, camera, renderer, controls let fakeLights = [] const clock = new THREE.Clock()
init() animate()
function init() { scene = new THREE.Scene() scene.background = new THREE.Color('#0a0a1a')
camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 60, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000 ) camera.position.set(0, 15, 30)
renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, preserveDrawingBuffer: true }) renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight) renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio) document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement)
controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement) controls.enableDamping = true createFakeLights() }
function createGlowTexture(color) { const canvas = document.createElement('canvas') canvas.width = 256 canvas.height = 256 const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')
const gradient = ctx.createRadialGradient(128, 128, 0, 128, 128, 128) gradient.addColorStop(0, color) gradient.addColorStop(0.3, color.replace('1)', '0.6)')) gradient.addColorStop(0.6, color.replace('1)', '0.2)')) gradient.addColorStop(1, color.replace('1)', '0)'))
ctx.fillStyle = gradient ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 256)
const texture = new THREE.CanvasTexture(canvas) texture.needsUpdate = true return texture }
function createFakeLight(position, color, size) { const group = new THREE.Group()
const glowTexture = createGlowTexture(color)
const coreMaterial = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({ uniforms: { uTexture: { value: glowTexture }, uOpacity: { value: 1.0 }, uTime: { value: 0 } }, vertexShader:varying vec2 vUv; void main() { vUv = uv; gl_Position = projectionMatrixmodelViewMatrixvec4(position, 1.0); }, fragmentShader:uniform sampler2D uTexture; uniform float uOpacity; uniform float uTime; varying vec2 vUv;void main() { vec4 texColor = texture2D(uTexture, vUv); float pulse = 0.8 + 0.2sin(uTime2.0); gl_FragColor = vec4(texColor.rgb, texColor.auOpacitypulse); }, transparent: true, blending: THREE.AdditiveBlending, depthWrite: false, side: THREE.DoubleSide })
const coreGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(size, size) const core = new THREE.Mesh(coreGeometry, coreMaterial) core.position.copy(position) core.lookAt(camera.position) group.add(core)
for (let i = 1; i <= 3; i++) { const layerMaterial = coreMaterial.clone() layerMaterial.uniforms.uOpacity.value = 0.3 / i const layerGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(size(1 + i0.5), size(1 + i0.5)) const layer = new THREE.Mesh(layerGeometry, layerMaterial) layer.position.copy(position) layer.position.y -= i * 0.1 layer.lookAt(camera.position) group.add(layer) }
return { group, core, material: coreMaterial } }
function createFakeLights() { const lightConfigs = [ { pos: new THREE.Vector3(-10, 5, -10), color: 'rgba(255, 100, 100, 1)', size: 8 }, { pos: new THREE.Vector3(10, 5, -10), color: 'rgba(100, 255, 100, 1)', size: 8 }, { pos: new THREE.Vector3(0, 8, 10), color: 'rgba(100, 100, 255, 1)', size: 10 }, { pos: new THREE.Vector3(-15, 3, 5), color: 'rgba(255, 200, 100, 1)', size: 6 }, { pos: new THREE.Vector3(15, 3, 5), color: 'rgba(255, 100, 200, 1)', size: 6 } ]
lightConfigs.forEach(config => { const fakeLight = createFakeLight(config.pos, config.color, config.size) scene.add(fakeLight.group) fakeLights.push(fakeLight) }) }
function animate() { requestAnimationFrame(animate)
const elapsed = clock.getElapsedTime()
fakeLights.forEach(fakeLight => { fakeLight.material.uniforms.uTime.value = elapsed fakeLight.core.lookAt(camera.position) })
controls.update() renderer.render(scene, camera) }