OpenStack 基础实操完整指南：Web 控制台与 CLI 命令行双模式实战
OpenStack使用
摘要：本文详细介绍了OpenStack云平台的两种使用方式：WEB界面操作和命令行（CLI）操作。通过完整的实验流程，展示了从创建实例类型、上传镜像、配置网络（外部网络、内网、路由器）到创建实例、登录测试的全过程。WEB界面部分以截图为主直观展示操作步骤，CLI部分提供详细的命令行代码，帮助读者全面掌握OpenStack的基本操作。
WEB界面实验
创建实例类型(规格)
上传镜像
创建外部网络
创建内网
创建路由器
观察此刻网络拓扑
创建实例
实例创建成功
VNC登录
右击，在新标签页中打开连接
观察此刻网络拓扑
instance1 外网通信测试
CLI实验
还原快照，照着WEB一摸一样再来一遍
创建实例类型(规格)
[root@controller ~]# source keystonerc_admin[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack flavor create --helpusage: openstack flavor create[-h][-f{json,shell,table,value,yaml}][-c COLUMN][--noindent][--prefix PREFIX][--max-width<integer>][--fit-width][--print-empty][--id<id>][--ram<size-mb>][--disk<size-gb>][--ephemeral<size-gb>][--swap<size-mb>][--vcpus<vcpus>][--rxtx-factor<factor>][--public|--private][--property<key=value>][--project<project>][--description<description>][--project-domain<project-domain>]<flavor-name>Create new flavor positional arguments:<flavor-name>New flavor name optional arguments: -h,--helpshow thishelpmessage andexit--id<id>Unique flavor ID;'auto'creates a UUID(default: auto)--ram<size-mb>Memory sizeinMB(default 256M)--disk<size-gb>Disk sizeinGB(default 0G)--ephemeral<size-gb>Ephemeral disk sizeinGB(default 0G)--swap<size-mb>Additional swap space sizeinMB(default 0M)--vcpus<vcpus>Number of vcpus(default1)--rxtx-factor<factor>RX/TX factor(default1.0)--publicFlavor is available to other projects(default)--privateFlavor is not available to other projects--property<key=value>Property toaddforthis flavor(repeat option tosetmultiple properties)--project<project>Allow<project>to access private flavor(name or ID)(Must be used with--privateoption)--description<description>Descriptionforthe flavor.(Supported by API versions'2.55'-'2.latest'--project-domain<project-domain>Domain the project belongs to(name or ID). This can be usedincasecollisions between project names exist. output formatters: output formatter options-f{json,shell,table,value,yaml},--format{json,shell,table,value,yaml}the output format, defaults to table-cCOLUMN,--columnCOLUMN specify the column(s)to include, can be repeated to show multiple columns json formatter:--noindentwhether to disable indenting the JSON shell formatter: aformata UNIX shell can parse(variable="value")--prefixPREFIXadda prefix to all variable names table formatter: --max-width<integer>Maximum display width,<1to disable. You can also use the CLIFF_MAX_TERM_WIDTH environment variable, but the parameter takes precedence. --fit-width Fit the table to the display width. Impliedif--max-width greater than0. Set the environment variableCLIFF_FIT_WIDTH=1to alwaysenable--print-empty Print empty tableifthere is no data to show.[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack flavor create --vcpus 1 --ram 1000 --disk 1 m1.1u.1g+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+|Field|Value|+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+|OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled|False||OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral|0||disk|1||id|b09812ee-8c91-49b9-b17b-f68bf21ba04c||name|m1.1u.1g||os-flavor-access:is_public|True||properties|||ram|1000||rxtx_factor|1.0||swap|||vcpus|1|+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+上传镜像
将镜像，通过SFTP上传到controller节点/root目录
上传镜像到openstack
[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack image create --file /root/cirros-0.5.2-x86_64-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 --public cirros-0.5.2创建外部网络
[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack network create \--project-domain admin\--provider-network-type flat\--provider-physical-network extnet\--external\waiwang[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack subnet create \--subnet-range192.168.108.0/24\--gateway192.168.108.2\--allocation-poolstart=192.168.108.100,end=192.168.108.200\--networkwaiwang\waiwang_subnet创建内网
[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack network create --project-domain admin neiwang1[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack subnet create --subnet-range 172.16.0.0/24 --gateway 172.16.0.1 --allocation-pool start=172.16.0.100,end=172.16.0.200 --dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8 --network neiwang1 neiwang_subnet1创建路由器
[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack router create router1[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack router set --external-gateway waiwang router1[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack router add subnet router1 neiwang_subnet1观察此刻网络拓扑
创建实例
[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack server create --image cirros-0.5.2 --flavor m1.1u.1g --network neiwang1 instance1实例创建成功
查看有哪些实例
[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack server list -f table+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+-----------------------+--------------+----------+|ID|Name|Status|Networks|Image|Flavor|+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+-----------------------+--------------+----------+|07e06925-625f-4dbb-8180-e2ea17ba9d04|instance1|ACTIVE|neiwang1=172.16.0.136|cirros-0.5.2|m1.1u.1g|+--------------------------------------+-----------+--------+-----------------------+--------------+----------+查看实例instance1详细信息
[root@controller ~(keystone_admin)]# openstack server show instance1+-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+|Field|Value|+-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+|OS-DCF:diskConfig|MANUAL||OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone|nova||OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host|compute||OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname|compute||OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name|instance-00000001||OS-EXT-STS:power_state|Running||OS-EXT-STS:task_state|None||OS-EXT-STS:vm_state|active||OS-SRV-USG:launched_at|2024-09-23T03:07:57.000000||OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at|None||accessIPv4|||accessIPv6|||addresses|neiwang1=172.16.0.136||config_drive|||created|2024-09-23T03:07:54Z||flavor|m1.1u.1g(b09812ee-8c91-49b9-b17b-f68bf21ba04c)||hostId|f00630fce60ba860032d71e9058332f335ee93e9d368814f519aa57e||id|07e06925-625f-4dbb-8180-e2ea17ba9d04||image|cirros-0.5.2(720f9ec0-d58c-4456-8d50-d6624bf11831)||key_name|None||name|instance1||progress|0||project_id|03e49a46342d48ab9607b4919925e42c||properties|||security_groups|name='default'||status|ACTIVE||updated|2024-09-23T03:08:00Z||user_id|7ef9147a8abe485889ece90dce340ab1||volumes_attached||+-------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+VNC登录，后续可以SSH登录