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一条SQL直接跑崩288核，1.5T内存数据库

news 2026/5/11 22:45:14

最近遇到一个Oracle的SQL语句引发的线上故障，数据库服务被重启。主机288核，1.5T也没抗住。

select  count(*) from dev_db.t1 t1,dev_db.t2 t2 where t1.object_name = t2.object_name or t1.DATA_OBJECT_ID = t2.DATA_OBJECT_ID and t1.OBJECT_ID = 123 and rownum = 1;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation               | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT        |      |     1 |    77 |    31M  (1)| 00:20:50 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE         |      |     1 |    77 |            |          |
|   2 |   COUNT                 |      |       |       |            |          |
|*  3 |    FILTER               |      |       |       |            |          |
|   4 |     MERGE JOIN CARTESIAN|      |  6131M|   439G|    31M  (1)| 00:20:50 |
|   5 |      TABLE ACCESS FULL  | T1   | 78306 |  3135K|   411   (1)| 00:00:01 |
|   6 |      BUFFER SORT        |      | 78307 |  2752K|    31M  (1)| 00:20:50 |
|   7 |       TABLE ACCESS FULL | T2   | 78307 |  2752K|   409   (1)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------3 - filter("T1"."OBJECT_NAME"="T2"."OBJECT_NAME" OR"T1"."DATA_OBJECT_ID"="T2"."DATA_OBJECT_ID" AND "T2"."DATA_OBJECT_ID"IS NOT NULL AND "T1"."DATA_OBJECT_ID" IS NOT NULL AND"T1"."OBJECT_ID"=123 AND ROWNUM=1)

在执行计划中看到步骤4产生了笛卡尔积连接，成本相当的高，这两个表仅有7万行数据，执行时间超过了5分钟。
数据库中关于NOT、AND、OR的逻辑运算优先级就是按这个顺序进行的，判断是开发人员失误造成的。下面是经过优化后的执行计划。

select  count(*) from dev_db.t1 t1,dev_db.t2 t2 where (t1.object_name = t2.object_name or t1.DATA_OBJECT_ID = t2.DATA_OBJECT_ID) and t1.OBJECT_ID = 123 and rownum = 1;
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation            | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT     |      |     1 |    77 |   822   (1)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE      |      |     1 |    77 |            |          |
|*  2 |   COUNT STOPKEY      |      |       |       |            |          |
|   3 |    NESTED LOOPS      |      |     1 |    77 |   822   (1)| 00:00:01 |
|*  4 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1   |     1 |    41 |   411   (1)| 00:00:01 |
|*  5 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2   |     1 |    36 |   411   (1)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------2 - filter(ROWNUM=1)4 - filter("T1"."OBJECT_ID"=123)5 - filter("T1"."OBJECT_NAME"="T2"."OBJECT_NAME" OR"T2"."DATA_OBJECT_ID" IS NOT NULL AND"T1"."DATA_OBJECT_ID"="T2"."DATA_OBJECT_ID" AND "T1"."DATA_OBJECT_ID"IS NOT NULL)

在这个执行计划中，t1表作为驱动表，过滤条件是object_id=123,线上这个条件是主键，因为懒没有创建这个主键，所以是全表扫描。
t2表作为被驱动表只匹配到了一条数据。因为STOPKEY的优化，在取到一条数据后SQL停止，无需扫描全部数据，因此执行时间非常短。