Linux 查看磁盘空间的du和df命令

一.du查看磁盘空间占用情况

⏹du是Linux / Unix系统中查看磁盘空间占用情况的命令，全称是Disk Usage。

1.1-h：以人类可读的格式显示文件大小

• 会显示各子文件夹的大小和总文件夹的大小
• 子文件夹会递归显示所有的层级

apluser@FengYeHong-HP:work$du-h/home/apluser/work/ 36K /home/apluser/work/0725 12K /home/apluser/work/20250929 16K /home/apluser/work/08248.0K /home/apluser/work/08154.0K /home/apluser/work/202511234.0K /home/apluser/work/0915_014.0K /home/apluser/work/0622 12K /home/apluser/work/0727 63M /home/apluser/work/07244.0K /home/apluser/work/test 12K /home/apluser/work/20251109 76K /home/apluser/work/20251205 64M /home/apluser/work/

1.2 👍-s：仅显示总计大小

• 仅展示指定文件夹的大小，并不会显示各子文件夹的大小

apluser@FengYeHong-HP:work$du-sh/home/apluser/work/ 64M /home/apluser/work/

1.3--max-depth：指定文件夹的层级

🔷如果不指定层级的话，当一个文件夹下的所有层级都会被递归显示

apluser@FengYeHong-HP:work$du-h/home/apluser/|head-n1058M /home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Music4.0K /home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Video/PrivateMessage8.0K /home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Video 58M /home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic 58M /home/apluser/download/netease 744K /home/apluser/download/email 259M /home/apluser/download4.0K /home/apluser/.docker/buildx/defaults4.0K /home/apluser/.docker/buildx/instances8.0K /home/apluser/.docker/buildx/activity

🔷通过--max-depth指定显示的层级

apluser@FengYeHong-HP:work$du-h--max-depth=1/home/apluser/ 259M /home/apluser/download 140K /home/apluser/.docker 24K /home/apluser/.ssh8.0K /home/apluser/.config 48K /home/apluser/.local 208K /home/apluser/.dotnet 64M /home/apluser/work 184M /home/apluser/.vscode-server 16K /home/apluser/.cache 61M /home/apluser/curl-8.15.0 52K /home/apluser/.vscode-remote-containers 67M /home/apluser/project 12K /home/apluser/key 637M /home/apluser/

1.4 👍按从体积大到小的顺序显示文件夹

apluser@FengYeHong-HP:work$du-h--max-depth=1/home/apluser/|sort-hr637M /home/apluser/ 259M /home/apluser/download 184M /home/apluser/.vscode-server 67M /home/apluser/project 64M /home/apluser/work 61M /home/apluser/curl-8.15.0 208K /home/apluser/.dotnet 140K /home/apluser/.docker 52K /home/apluser/.vscode-remote-containers 48K /home/apluser/.local 24K /home/apluser/.ssh 16K /home/apluser/.cache 12K /home/apluser/key8.0K /home/apluser/.config

1.5 👍按照从大到小的顺序列出指定文件夹的文件

1.5.1 方式1

🔷find /home/apluser/ -type f -exec du -h {} + | sort -hr | head -n 5

apluser@FengYeHong-HP:~$find/home/apluser/-typef-execdu-h{}+|sort-hr|head-n5109M /home/apluser/download/com.termux_1002.apk 93M /home/apluser/download/Google-Play_48.9.30-23.apk 89M /home/apluser/.vscode-server/bin/b58957e67ee1e712cebf466b995adf4c5307b2bd/node 21M /home/apluser/work/0724/shuffled.csv 21M /home/apluser/work/0724/bigfile.csv

1.5.2 方式2

🔷find /home/apluser/download -type f -print0 | xargs -0 ls -lhS

• -type f：只找文件（不含目录）
• -print0 + -0：防止文件名有空格 / 中文 / 日文
• -lhS：
  • -l： 详细信息
  • -h：人类可读
    -S： 按文件大小排序（从大到小）

apluser@FengYeHong-HP:~$find/home/apluser/download-typef-print0|xargs-0ls-lhS-rw-r-----1apluser apluser 109M Nov2421:47 /home/apluser/download/com.termux_1002.apk -rw-r-----1apluser apluser 93M Dec515:13 /home/apluser/download/Google-Play_48.9.30-23.apk -rw-r-----1apluser apluser 12M Nov1620:36'/home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Music/ヰ世界情緒 - そして白に還る.ncm'-rw-r-----1apluser apluser 11M Nov1620:36'/home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Music/KOKIA - クルマレテ.ncm'-rw-r-----1apluser apluser 11M Nov1122:24'/home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Music/Pizzicato Strings - Cailleach Bheur .mp3'-rw-r-----1apluser apluser9.3M Nov1620:36'/home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Music/陰陽座 - 甲賀忍法帖.ncm'-rw-r-----1apluser apluser8.3M Nov2412:32'/home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Music/咻咻满 - 无归.ncm'-rw-r-----1apluser apluser6.4M Nov1620:36'/home/apluser/download/netease/cloudmusic/Music/黄龄 - 小雨.ncm'-rw-r-----1apluser apluser 378K Nov262023/home/apluser/download/email/JMW110120.pdf -rw-r-----1apluser apluser 149K Jun302023'/home/apluser/download/email/誓約書(2ページ割付印刷用).pdf'-rw-r-----1apluser apluser 61K Jun302023'/home/apluser/download/email/recruit(氏_名) .xlsx'-rw-r-----1apluser apluser3.5K Nov262023/home/apluser/download/email/JMW110120_pass.zip -rw-r-----1apluser apluser3.5K Nov262023/home/apluser/download/email/JMW110120_nopass.zip -rw-r-----1apluser apluser78Oct312022/home/apluser/download/qidm

二.df显示文件系统磁盘空间

⏹df的全称是Disk Free，是 Linux 和类 UNIX 系统中用于显示文件系统磁盘空间使用情况的工具，能够查看磁盘的总容量、已用空间、可用空间及挂载点等信息。

2.1 用于显示系统级别，磁盘分区上的可用和已用空间的信息

• -h：以人类可读的格式显示文件系统大小

2.2 每秒钟监视当前磁盘的使用情况

• watch用于周期性的执行特定的命令
• -n 1表示每一秒刷新一次命令执行的结果
• df -h ./表示周期性执行的命令

watch-n1df-h./

2.3 计算总计

• df -h --total

apluser@FengYeHong-HP:~$df-h--totalFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on none3.9G03.9G0% /usr/lib/modules/6.6.87.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2 none3.9G4.0K3.9G1% /mnt/wsl drivers 223G 132G 92G59% /usr/lib/wsl/drivers /dev/sdd 1007G1.7G 955G1% / none3.9G 84K3.9G1% /mnt/wslg none3.9G03.9G0% /usr/lib/wsl/lib rootfs3.9G2.7M3.9G1% /init none3.9G03.9G0% /run none3.9G03.9G0% /run/lock none3.9G03.9G0% /run/shm none3.9G03.9G0% /run/user none3.9G 76K3.9G1% /mnt/wslg/versions.txt none3.9G 76K3.9G1% /mnt/wslg/doc C:\223G 132G 92G59% /mnt/c D:\15G 13G1.7G89% /mnt/d E:\481G 67G 414G14% /mnt/e F:\452G 35G 417G8% /mnt/f total2.4T 379G2.0T16% -