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基于域名的动态数据源切换实现教程

news 2026/5/12 7:58:15

概述

这是一个基于Spring Boot的多数据源动态切换方案，通过解析请求的域名自动选择对应的数据源。

核心组件实现

1. 会话上下文管理 (SessionContext)

使用 TransmittableThreadLocal 实现线程间数据传递
提供统一的键值对存储接口
在请求开始时清理旧数据，在结束时移除数据避免内存泄漏

2. 请求拦截器 (HeaderInterceptor)

在 preHandle 阶段解析请求头中的 Origin
提取域名并存储到 SessionContext 中
调用 SessionContext.remove() 清理线程数据

3.动态数据源实现 (DynamicDataSource)

继承 AbstractRoutingDataSource
重写 determineCurrentLookupKey() 方法
从 SessionContext 获取域名作为数据源标识

4.数据源配置 (DataSourceConfig)

配置多个实际数据源（如 bjDataSource 和 cdDataSource）
构建 targetDataSources 映射表，以域名为键关联具体数据源
设置默认数据源

工作流程

请求进入 → HeaderInterceptor 解析 Origin 头部
域名提取 → 将域名存入 SessionContext
数据源路由 → DynamicDataSource 根据域名选择对应数据源
执行操作 → 使用选定的数据源执行数据库操作

会话上下文管理

package com.park.context; import cn.hutool.core.convert.Convert; import com.alibaba.ttl.TransmittableThreadLocal; import com.park.constants.SecurityConstants; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; public class SessionContext { private static final TransmittableThreadLocal<Map<String, Object>> THREAD_LOCAL = new TransmittableThreadLocal<>(); public static void set(String key, Object value) { Map<String, Object> map = getLocalMap(); map.put(key, value == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : value); } public static String get(String key) { Map<String, Object> map = getLocalMap(); return Convert.toStr(map.getOrDefault(key, StringUtils.EMPTY)); } public static Map<String, Object> getLocalMap() { Map<String, Object> map = THREAD_LOCAL.get(); if (map == null) { map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); THREAD_LOCAL.set(map); } return map; } public static void setCompanyId(String companyId) { set(SecurityConstants.COMPANY_ID, companyId); } public static String getCompanyId() { return get(SecurityConstants.COMPANY_ID); } public static void setParkingLotId(Set<String> parkingLotIds) { set(SecurityConstants.PARKINGLOT_ID, parkingLotIds); } public static Set<String> getParkingLotId() { return get(SecurityConstants.PARKINGLOT_ID, Set.class); } public static <T> T get(String key, Class<T> clazz) { Map<String, Object> map = getLocalMap(); return cast(map.getOrDefault(key, null)); } public static <T> T cast(Object obj) { if (obj == null) { return null; } return (T) obj; } public static void remove() { THREAD_LOCAL.remove(); } }

核心动态数据源类

package com.park.source; import com.park.constants.SecurityConstants; import com.park.context.SessionContext; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource; public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Override protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() { System.out.println("当前数据源：" + SessionContext.get(SecurityConstants.DOMAIN)); return SessionContext.get(SecurityConstants.DOMAIN); } }

请求拦截器

package com.park.constants; public class SecurityConstants { public static final String AUTHORIZATION = "Authorization"; public static final String COMPANY_ID = "companyId"; public static final String PARKINGLOT_ID = "parkingLotIds"; public static final String DOMAIN = "domain"; } package com.park.interceptor; import com.park.constants.SecurityConstants; import com.park.context.SessionContext; import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.servlet.AsyncHandlerInterceptor; import java.net.URI; import java.net.URISyntaxException; @Component public class DomainInterceptor implements AsyncHandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { // 清除之前的会话数据 SessionContext.remove(); String origin = request.getHeader("Origin"); if (origin != null) { try { URI uri = new URI(origin); String domain = uri.getHost(); SessionContext.setDomain(domain); } catch (URISyntaxException e) { // 记录错误日志 } } return true; } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { // 请求结束后清除线程本地变量 SessionContext.remove(); } } package com.park.config; import com.park.interceptor.DomainInterceptor; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer; @Configuration public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Autowired private DomainInterceptor domainInterceptor; @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(domainInterceptor) .addPathPatterns("/**") .excludePathPatterns("/login", "/public/**"); } }

数据源配置

spring: datasource: bj: jdbc-url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/bj_db username: your_username password: your_password driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver cd: jdbc-url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/cd_db username: your_username password: your_password driver-class-name: org.postgresql.Driver package com.park.config; import com.park.source.DynamicDataSource; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary; import javax.sql.DataSource; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Configuration public class DataSourceConfig { @Bean @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.bj") public DataSource bjDataSource() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Bean @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.cd") public DataSource cdDataSource() { return DataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Bean @Primary public DataSource dynamicDataSource() { Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>(); targetDataSources.put("bj.park.com", bjDataSource()); targetDataSources.put("cd.park.com", cdDataSource()); DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource(); dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources); dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(primaryDataSource()); return dynamicDataSource; } }

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