当前位置：首页 > news >正文

于鸿硕面向对象设计大作业02

news 2026/5/12 19:43:57

面向对象设计大作业02

网安2411 于鸿硕 202421336018

一、改造思路

1.MVC模式

MVC模式即Model-View-Controller（模型-视图-控制器）模式，通过分三种实现模块进行；对于本项目，设计MVC模式如下

总体上，通过StudentController对Model和View进行调动，实现程序运行

2.GUI实现

使用JTable表格的方式展示学生数据，实现数据直接可视化

3.双界面支持

程序启动时选择使用的界面类型，两种界面指向共同的控制器和模型以精简代码和减小时空复杂度，两种界面数据和功能互通

二、实现方式

1.Model

model模块Student和StudentManagementSystem两个类沿用既有类，不作修改

2.View

StudentView.java（视图接口类）

用该类承接Main方法引入的视图，并初始化视图方法

package code;import java.util.List;public interface StudentView {void setController(StudentController controller);void updateStudentList(List<Student> students);void showSearchResults(List<Student> results);void showMessage(String message);void start();
}

ConsoleView.java（控制台视图）

该类可直接继承原系统中Main文件的代码，通过Override实现该类方法

package code;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;public class ConsoleView implements StudentView {private StudentController controller;private Scanner scanner;public ConsoleView() {scanner = new Scanner(System.in);}@Overridepublic void setController(StudentController controller) {this.controller = controller;}@Overridepublic void updateStudentList(List<Student> students) {if (students.isEmpty()) {System.out.println("系统中没有学生数据!");return;}System.out.println("学生列表:");for (Student student : students) {System.out.println(student);}}@Overridepublic void showSearchResults(List<Student> results) {if (results.isEmpty()) {System.out.println("没有找到匹配的学生!");} else {System.out.println("搜索结果:");for (Student student : results) {System.out.println(student);}}}@Overridepublic void showMessage(String message) {System.out.println(message);}@Overridepublic void start() {boolean running = true;while (running) {System.out.println("\n===== 学生管理系统 =====");System.out.println("1. 添加学生");System.out.println("2. 移除学生");System.out.println("3. 按姓名搜索");System.out.println("4. 按专业搜索");System.out.println("5. 按GPA搜索");System.out.println("6. 显示所有学生");System.out.println("7. 退出");System.out.print("请选择操作: ");int choice = scanner.nextInt();scanner.nextLine(); //  consume newlineswitch (choice) {case 1:addStudentForm();break;case 2:removeStudentForm();break;case 3:searchByNameForm();break;case 4:searchByMajorForm();break;case 5:searchByGpaForm();break;case 6:controller.showAllStudents();break;case 7:running = false;System.out.println("系统已退出");break;default:System.out.println("无效的选择，请重试");}}scanner.close();}private void addStudentForm() {System.out.print("请输入学生姓名: ");String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.print("请输入学生年龄: ");int age = scanner.nextInt();scanner.nextLine();System.out.print("请输入学生性别: ");String gender = scanner.nextLine();System.out.print("请输入学生ID: ");String id = scanner.nextLine();System.out.print("请输入学生专业: ");String major = scanner.nextLine();System.out.print("请输入学生GPA: ");double gpa = scanner.nextDouble();controller.addStudent(name, age, gender, id, major, gpa);showMessage("学生添加成功!");}private void removeStudentForm() {System.out.print("请输入要移除的学生ID: ");String id = scanner.nextLine();boolean removed = controller.removeStudent(id);if (removed) {showMessage("学生移除成功!");} else {showMessage("未找到该学生!");}}private void searchByNameForm() {System.out.print("请输入要搜索的学生姓名: ");String name = scanner.nextLine();controller.searchByName(name);}private void searchByMajorForm() {System.out.print("请输入要搜索的专业: ");String major = scanner.nextLine();controller.searchByMajor(major);}private void searchByGpaForm() {System.out.print("请输入要搜索的GPA: ");double gpa = scanner.nextDouble();controller.searchByGpa(gpa);}
}

GUIView.java（图形视图）

通过Swing GUI展示用户界面，通过JButton、JField创建交互，新建或Override方法对接Controller

// GUIView.java (GUI视图)
package code;import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.List;public class GUIView extends JFrame implements StudentView {private StudentController controller;private DefaultTableModel tableModel;private JTable table;private JTextField nameField, ageField, genderField, idField, majorField, gpaField;private JTextField searchField;public GUIView() {setTitle("学生管理系统");setSize(800, 600);setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);setLayout(new BorderLayout());initComponents();setLocationRelativeTo(null);}private void initComponents() {// 表格设置String[] columns = {"姓名", "年龄", "性别", "ID", "专业", "GPA"};tableModel = new DefaultTableModel(columns, 0);table = new JTable(tableModel);add(new JScrollPane(table), BorderLayout.CENTER);// 控制面板JPanel controlPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 1));// 添加学生面板JPanel addPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());addPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("添加学生"));addPanel.add(new JLabel("姓名:"));nameField = new JTextField(5);addPanel.add(nameField);addPanel.add(new JLabel("年龄:"));ageField = new JTextField(3);addPanel.add(ageField);addPanel.add(new JLabel("性别:"));genderField = new JTextField(3);addPanel.add(genderField);addPanel.add(new JLabel("ID:"));idField = new JTextField(5);addPanel.add(idField);addPanel.add(new JLabel("专业:"));majorField = new JTextField(8);addPanel.add(majorField);addPanel.add(new JLabel("GPA:"));gpaField = new JTextField(3);addPanel.add(gpaField);JButton addButton = new JButton("添加");addButton.addActionListener(e -> addStudentAction());addPanel.add(addButton);controlPanel.add(addPanel);// 搜索面板JPanel searchPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());searchPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("搜索学生"));searchField = new JTextField(10);searchPanel.add(searchField);JButton nameSearchButton = new JButton("按姓名搜索");nameSearchButton.addActionListener(e -> searchByNameAction());searchPanel.add(nameSearchButton);JButton majorSearchButton = new JButton("按专业搜索");majorSearchButton.addActionListener(e -> searchByMajorAction());searchPanel.add(majorSearchButton);JButton gpaSearchButton = new JButton("按GPA搜索");gpaSearchButton.addActionListener(e -> searchByGpaAction());searchPanel.add(gpaSearchButton);controlPanel.add(searchPanel);// 操作面板JPanel actionPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout());JButton removeButton = new JButton("移除选中学生");removeButton.addActionListener(e -> removeStudentAction());actionPanel.add(removeButton);JButton showAllButton = new JButton("显示所有学生");showAllButton.addActionListener(e -> controller.showAllStudents());actionPanel.add(showAllButton);JButton exitButton = new JButton("退出");exitButton.addActionListener(e -> System.exit(0));actionPanel.add(exitButton);controlPanel.add(actionPanel);add(controlPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);}private void addStudentAction() {try {String name = nameField.getText();int age = Integer.parseInt(ageField.getText());String gender = genderField.getText();String id = idField.getText();String major = majorField.getText();double gpa = Double.parseDouble(gpaField.getText());controller.addStudent(name, age, gender, id, major, gpa);// 清空输入框nameField.setText("");ageField.setText("");genderField.setText("");idField.setText("");majorField.setText("");gpaField.setText("");showMessage("学生添加成功");} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {showMessage("输入格式错误，请检查年龄和GPA是否为数字");}}private void removeStudentAction() {int selectedRow = table.getSelectedRow();if (selectedRow >= 0) {String id = (String) tableModel.getValueAt(selectedRow, 3);boolean removed = controller.removeStudent(id);if (removed) {showMessage("学生移除成功");} else {showMessage("学生移除失败");}} else {showMessage("请先选择要移除的学生");}}private void searchByNameAction() {String name = searchField.getText();controller.searchByName(name);}private void searchByMajorAction() {String major = searchField.getText();controller.searchByMajor(major);}private void searchByGpaAction() {try {double gpa = Double.parseDouble(searchField.getText());controller.searchByGpa(gpa);} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {showMessage("GPA必须是数字");}}@Overridepublic void setController(StudentController controller) {this.controller = controller;}@Overridepublic void updateStudentList(List<Student> students) {tableModel.setRowCount(0); // 清空表格for (Student student : students) {Object[] row = {student.getName(),student.getAge(),student.getGender(),student.getId(),student.getMajor(),student.getGpa()};tableModel.addRow(row);}}@Overridepublic void showSearchResults(List<Student> results) {updateStudentList(results);showMessage("找到 " + results.size() + " 个匹配结果");}@Overridepublic void showMessage(String message) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, message);}@Overridepublic void start() {setVisible(true);}
}

3.Controller

StudentController.java（控制器）

作为视图和模型的中继器，实现Student的getter、setter方法

package code;import java.util.List;public class StudentController {private StudentManagementSystem model;private StudentView view;public StudentController(StudentManagementSystem model, StudentView view) {this.model = model;this.view = view;this.view.setController(this);}// 添加学生public void addStudent(String name, int age, String gender, String id, String major, double gpa) {Student student = new Student(name, age, gender, id, major, gpa);model.addStudent(student);view.updateStudentList(model.getStudents());}// 移除学生public boolean removeStudent(String id) {Student student = model.getStudentById(id);if (student != null) {model.removeStudent(student);view.updateStudentList(model.getStudents());return true;}return false;}// 按姓名搜索public void searchByName(String name) {List<Student> results = model.searchByName(name);view.showSearchResults(results);}// 按专业搜索public void searchByMajor(String major) {List<Student> results = model.searchByMajor(major);view.showSearchResults(results);}// 按GPA搜索public void searchByGpa(double gpa) {List<Student> results = model.searchByGpa(gpa);view.showSearchResults(results);}// 显示所有学生public void showAllStudents() {view.updateStudentList(model.getStudents());}
}

4.Main.java

对Main方法进行重新设计，进入程序后先映入界面选择，而后通过View类进入对应的界面，再而创建控制器关联模型和视图，最后启动程序

package code;import javax.swing.*;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {		StudentManagementSystem model = new StudentManagementSystem();String[] options = {"控制台界面", "GUI界面"};int choice = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null,"请选择界面类型","学生管理系统",JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION,JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,null,options,options[0]);StudentView view;if (choice == 1) {view = new GUIView();} else {view = new ConsoleView();}StudentController controller = new StudentController(model, view);view.start();}
}