SpringCloud从入门到上天：分布式和微服务基础

一：核心内容介绍

1：核心主干

2：分布式配套

日志系统+指标监控+链路追踪+消息处理

3：服务架构演变图

二：基础架构设计

以车险承保为例，大致模块功能如下：

历史询价、真实下单、险种计算、验车、核保、支付、承保等。

1：单体架构

单体架构优缺点：

优点：开发 / 部署 / 运维简单、本地事务简单

缺点：代码耦合严重、项目臃肿、不抗高并发、单点故障风险高

2：集群架构

优势：抗并发量显著提升。

缺点：

1：模块升级需要升级全部

2：引入新模块语言+技术栈都受限制，项目十分臃肿。

3：分布式和微服务

以上模块拆分成多个模块，多个模块之间独立部署。随之数据库也进行拆分。

优点：

1：独立部署、数据隔离、语言无关。完全自治。

2：

三：创建微服务项目

1：环境准备

2：项目工程结构图

3：项目构建

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>3.3.4</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <packaging>pom</packaging> <modules> <module>services</module> </modules> <groupId>com.dashu</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId> <version>v1.1</version> <name>springcloud</name> <description>springcloud</description> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <!--配置CLoud版本和Alibaba的版本--> <spring-cloud.version>2023.0.3</spring-cloud.version> <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2023.0.3.2</spring-cloud-alibaba.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.dashu</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId> <version>v1.1</version> </parent> <packaging>pom</packaging> <modules> <module>service-product</module> <module>service-order</module> </modules> <artifactId>services</artifactId> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <dependencies> <!--服务发现--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <!--远程调用--> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.dashu</groupId> <artifactId>services</artifactId> <version>v1.1</version> </parent> <artifactId>service-order</artifactId> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> </project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.dashu</groupId> <artifactId>services</artifactId> <version>v1.1</version> </parent> <artifactId>service-product</artifactId> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> </project>