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mongodb Replica Set集群搭建（三节点）

news 2026/5/12 2:30:27

mongodb Replica Set集群搭建（三节点）

节点IP分配

192.168.56.107
192.168.56.113
192.168.56.114

准备软件包（所有节点）

创建目录 （所有节点）

准备配置文件

192.168.56.107

storage: dbPath: "D:\\mongodb-win32-x86_64-windows-7.0.4\\data" systemLog: destination: "file" path: "D:\\mongodb-win32-x86_64-windows-7.0.4\\logs\\mongodb.log" net: bindIp: 192.168.56.107 port: 27017 maxIncomingConnections: 10000 replication: replSetName: rs0

192.168.56.113

storage: dbPath: "D:\\mongodb-win32-x86_64-windows-7.0.4\\data" systemLog: destination: "file" path: "D:\\mongodb-win32-x86_64-windows-7.0.4\\logs\\mongodb.log" net: bindIp: 192.168.56.114 port: 27016 maxIncomingConnections: 10000 replication: replSetName: rs0

192.168.56.114

storage: dbPath: "D:\\mongodb-win32-x86_64-windows-7.0.4\\data" systemLog: destination: "file" path: "D:\\mongodb-win32-x86_64-windows-7.0.4\\logs\\mongodb.log" net: bindIp: 192.168.56.113 port: 27013 maxIncomingConnections: 10000 replication: replSetName: rs0

启动三个节点

mongod --config "D:\mongodb-win32-x86_64-windows-7.0.4\conf\mongodb.cfg" --serviceName MongoDB --serviceDisplayName MongoDB --install net start MongoDB

连接任意一台数据库

D:\mongosh-2.6.0-win32-x64\bin>mongosh "mongodb://192.168.56.107:27017" Current Mongosh Log ID: 698b3a9a5f20a9775c628c9f Connecting to: mongodb://192.168.56.107:27017/?directConnection=true&appName=mongosh+2.6.0 Using MongoDB: 7.0.4 Using Mongosh: 2.6.0 For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/ ------ The server generated these startup warnings when booting 2026-02-10T16:32:27.150+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted ------ test>

初始化集群

cfg={_id:“rs0”, members: [ {_id:0,host:‘192.168.56.107:27017’,priority:2} ,{_id:1,host:‘192.168.56.113:27013’,priority:1} ,{_id:2,host:‘192.168.56.114:27016’,arbiterOnly:true}]};

rs.initiate(cfg)

rs.status();

说明：
host:指定的是节点的ip地址与端口号

priority:指的是权重，权重最高的是主节点 ，权重大小的判定(数字最大>数字小的>没有写权重属性的)

arbiterOnly:代表是否作为仲裁节点

D :\mongosh-2.6.0-win32-x64\bin>mongosh "mongodb://192.168.56.107:27017" Current Mongosh Log ID: 698b3a9a5f20a9775c628c9f Connecting to: mongodb://192.168.56.107:27017/?directConnection=true&appName=mongosh+2.6.0 Using MongoDB: 7.0.4 Using Mongosh: 2.6.0 For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/ ------ The server generated these startup warnings when booting 2026-02-10T16:32:27.150+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted ------ test> cfg={_id:"rs0", members: [ {_id:0,host:'192.168.56.107:27017',priority:2} ,{_id:1,host:'192.168.56.113:27013',priority:1} ,{_id:2,host:'192.168.56.114:27016',arbiterOnly:true}]}; { _id: 'rs0', members: [ { _id: 0, host: '192.168.56.107:27017', priority: 2 }, { _id: 1, host: '192.168.56.113:27013', priority: 1 }, { _id: 2, host: '192.168.56.114:27016', arbiterOnly: true } ] } test> test> rs.initiate(cfg) { ok: 1 } rs0 [direct: secondary] test> rs0 [direct: secondary] test> rs.status(); { set: 'rs0', date: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:10.888Z'), myState: 1, term: Long('1'), syncSourceHost: '', syncSourceId: -1, heartbeatIntervalMillis: Long('2000'), majorityVoteCount: 2, writeMajorityCount: 2, votingMembersCount: 3, writableVotingMembersCount: 2, optimes: { lastCommittedOpTime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }), t: Long('1') }, lastCommittedWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.194Z'), readConcernMajorityOpTime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }), t: Long('1') }, appliedOpTime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }), t: Long('1') }, durableOpTime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }), t: Long('1') }, lastAppliedWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.194Z'), lastDurableWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.194Z') }, lastStableRecoveryTimestamp: Timestamp({ t: 1770732230, i: 1 }), electionCandidateMetrics: { lastElectionReason: 'electionTimeout', lastElectionDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:02.338Z'), electionTerm: Long('1'), lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732230, i: 1 }), t: Long('-1') }, lastSeenOpTimeAtElection: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732230, i: 1 }), t: Long('-1') }, numVotesNeeded: 2, priorityAtElection: 2, electionTimeoutMillis: Long('10000'), numCatchUpOps: Long('0'), newTermStartDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:02.475Z'), wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:02.988Z') }, members: [ { _id: 0, name: '192.168.56.107:27017', health: 1, state: 1, stateStr: 'PRIMARY', uptime: 19906, optime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }), t: Long('1') }, optimeDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.000Z'), lastAppliedWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.194Z'), lastDurableWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.194Z'), syncSourceHost: '', syncSourceId: -1, infoMessage: 'Could not find member to sync from', electionTime: Timestamp({ t: 1770732242, i: 1 }), electionDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:02.000Z'), configVersion: 1, configTerm: 1, self: true, lastHeartbeatMessage: '' }, { _id: 1, name: '192.168.56.113:27013', health: 1, state: 2, stateStr: 'SECONDARY', uptime: 20, optime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }), t: Long('1') }, optimeDurable: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }), t: Long('1') }, optimeDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.000Z'), optimeDurableDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.000Z'), lastAppliedWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.194Z'), lastDurableWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:03.194Z'), lastHeartbeat: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:10.452Z'), lastHeartbeatRecv: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:09.409Z'), pingMs: Long('0'), lastHeartbeatMessage: '', syncSourceHost: '192.168.56.107:27017', syncSourceId: 0, infoMessage: '', configVersion: 1, configTerm: 1 }, { _id: 2, name: '192.168.56.114:27016', health: 1, state: 7, stateStr: 'ARBITER', uptime: 20, lastHeartbeat: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:10.452Z'), lastHeartbeatRecv: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:10.417Z'), pingMs: Long('0'), lastHeartbeatMessage: '', syncSourceHost: '', syncSourceId: -1, infoMessage: '', configVersion: 1, configTerm: 1 } ], ok: 1, '$clusterTime': { clusterTime: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }), signature: { hash: Binary.createFromBase64('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=', 0), keyId: Long('0') } }, operationTime: Timestamp({ t: 1770732243, i: 7 }) } rs0 [direct: primary] test>

测试登录主从

mongosh “mongodb://192.168.56.107:27017”

D:\mongosh-2.6.0-win32-x64\bin>mongosh "mongodb://192.168.56.107:27017" Current Mongosh Log ID: 698b3d37a4ce9a857e628c9f Connecting to: mongodb://192.168.56.107:27017/?directConnection=true&appName=mongosh+2.6.0 Using MongoDB: 7.0.4 Using Mongosh: 2.6.0 For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/ ------ The server generated these startup warnings when booting 2026-02-10T16:32:27.150+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted ------ rs0 [direct: primary] test> exit

mongosh “mongodb://192.168.56.113:27013”

D:\mongosh-2.6.0-win32-x64\bin>mongosh "mongodb://192.168.56.113:27013" Current Mongosh Log ID: 698b49fdf5a5d6f930628c9f Connecting to: mongodb://192.168.56.113:27013/?directConnection=true&appName=mongosh+2.6.0 Using MongoDB: 7.0.4 Using Mongosh: 2.6.0 For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/ ------ The server generated these startup warnings when booting 2026-02-10T16:29:31.285+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted ------ rs0 [direct: secondary] test> exit

mongosh “mongodb://192.168.56.114:27016”

D:\mongosh-2.6.0-win32-x64\bin>mongosh "mongodb://192.168.56.114:27016" Current Mongosh Log ID: 698b4a0a3aa7c61154628c9f Connecting to: mongodb://192.168.56.114:27016/?directConnection=true&appName=mongosh+2.6.0 Using MongoDB: 7.0.4 Using Mongosh: 2.6.0 For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/ ------ The server generated these startup warnings when booting 2026-02-10T16:29:26.854+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted 2026-02-10T22:03:51.238+08:00: ** WARNING: Arbiters are not supported in quarterly binary versions ------ rs0 [direct: arbiter] test>

查看节点配置

rs0 [direct: arbiter] test> rs.conf() { _id: 'rs0', version: 1, term: 1, members: [ { _id: 0, host: '192.168.56.107:27017', arbiterOnly: false, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 2, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 }, { _id: 1, host: '192.168.56.113:27013', arbiterOnly: false, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 1, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 }, { _id: 2, host: '192.168.56.114:27016', arbiterOnly: true, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 0, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 } ], protocolVersion: Long('1'), writeConcernMajorityJournalDefault: true, settings: { chainingAllowed: true, heartbeatIntervalMillis: 2000, heartbeatTimeoutSecs: 10, electionTimeoutMillis: 10000, catchUpTimeoutMillis: -1, catchUpTakeoverDelayMillis: 30000, getLastErrorModes: {}, getLastErrorDefaults: { w: 1, wtimeout: 0 }, replicaSetId: ObjectId('698b3ac636c0e40ea3e5f66c') } } rs0 [direct: arbiter] test>

##查看节点的状态

rs0 [direct: arbiter] test> rs.status() { set: 'rs0', date: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:28.395Z'), myState: 7, term: Long('1'), syncSourceHost: '', syncSourceId: -1, heartbeatIntervalMillis: Long('2000'), majorityVoteCount: 2, writeMajorityCount: 2, votingMembersCount: 3, writableVotingMembersCount: 2, optimes: { lastCommittedOpTime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770736464, i: 1 }), t: Long('1') }, lastCommittedWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.033Z'), readConcernMajorityOpTime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770736464, i: 1 }), t: Long('1') }, appliedOpTime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770736464, i: 1 }), t: Long('1') }, durableOpTime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 0, i: 0 }), t: Long('-1') }, lastAppliedWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.033Z'), lastDurableWallTime: ISODate('1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z') }, lastStableRecoveryTimestamp: Timestamp({ t: 0, i: 0 }), electionParticipantMetrics: { votedForCandidate: true, electionTerm: Long('1'), lastVoteDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:02.340Z'), electionCandidateMemberId: 0, voteReason: '', lastAppliedOpTimeAtElection: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732230, i: 1 }), t: Long('-1') }, maxAppliedOpTimeInSet: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770732230, i: 1 }), t: Long('-1') }, priorityAtElection: 0 }, members: [ { _id: 0, name: '192.168.56.107:27017', health: 1, state: 1, stateStr: 'PRIMARY', uptime: 4237, optime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770736464, i: 1 }), t: Long('1') }, optimeDurable: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770736464, i: 1 }), t: Long('1') }, optimeDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.000Z'), optimeDurableDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.000Z'), lastAppliedWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.033Z'), lastDurableWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.033Z'), lastHeartbeat: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:27.304Z'), lastHeartbeatRecv: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:27.940Z'), pingMs: Long('0'), lastHeartbeatMessage: '', syncSourceHost: '', syncSourceId: -1, infoMessage: '', electionTime: Timestamp({ t: 1770732242, i: 1 }), electionDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T14:04:02.000Z'), configVersion: 1, configTerm: 1 }, { _id: 1, name: '192.168.56.113:27013', health: 1, state: 2, stateStr: 'SECONDARY', uptime: 4237, optime: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770736464, i: 1 }), t: Long('1') }, optimeDurable: { ts: Timestamp({ t: 1770736464, i: 1 }), t: Long('1') }, optimeDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.000Z'), optimeDurableDate: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.000Z'), lastAppliedWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.033Z'), lastDurableWallTime: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:24.033Z'), lastHeartbeat: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:26.690Z'), lastHeartbeatRecv: ISODate('2026-02-10T15:14:27.624Z'), pingMs: Long('0'), lastHeartbeatMessage: '', syncSourceHost: '192.168.56.107:27017', syncSourceId: 0, infoMessage: '', configVersion: 1, configTerm: 1 }, { _id: 2, name: '192.168.56.114:27016', health: 1, state: 7, stateStr: 'ARBITER', uptime: 24304, syncSourceHost: '', syncSourceId: -1, infoMessage: '', configVersion: 1, configTerm: 1, self: true, lastHeartbeatMessage: '' } ], ok: 1 } rs0 [direct: arbiter] test>

确认同步情况

rs.printSecondaryReplicationInfo()

D:\mongosh-2.6.0-win32-x64\bin>mongosh "mongodb://192.168.56.113:27013" Current Mongosh Log ID: 698b4c9ea7994c5d08628c9f Connecting to: mongodb://192.168.56.113:27013/?directConnection=true&appName=mongosh+2.6.0 Using MongoDB: 7.0.4 Using Mongosh: 2.6.0 For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/ ------ The server generated these startup warnings when booting 2026-02-10T16:29:31.285+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted ------ rs0 [direct: secondary] test> rs.printSecondaryReplicationInfo() source: 192.168.56.113:27013 { syncedTo: 'Tue Feb 10 2026 23:22:41 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)', replLag: '0 secs (0 hrs) behind the primary ' } rs0 [direct: secondary] test>

查看集群组成员

rs.conf().members

通过 rs.status() 查看当前副本集状态，找到members需要切换为Primary节点的数组下标，cfg.members[0] 中的 [0] 就是数组索引，表示第 1 个成员

rs0 [direct: primary] test> rs.conf().members [ { _id: 0, host: '192.168.56.107:27017', arbiterOnly: false, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 2, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 }, { _id: 1, host: '192.168.56.113:27013', arbiterOnly: false, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 1, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 }, { _id: 2, host: '192.168.56.114:27016', arbiterOnly: true, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 0, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 } ]

主从切换测试

在主节点执行
config = rs.conf()
config.members[1].priority = 5
rs.reconfig(config)

说明：
priority有效范围是 0–1000 的浮点数（含 0 和 1000），默认值 1。
mongodb中rs.reconfig(config)解释
底层调用的是 replSetReconfig 命令，只能在主节点上执行（除非加 {force:true}）

rs0 [direct: primary] test> config = rs.conf() <<< 查看当前主从配置的priority { _id: 'rs0', version: 1, term: 3, members: [ { _id: 0, host: '192.168.56.107:27017', arbiterOnly: false, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 2, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 }, { _id: 1, host: '192.168.56.113:27013', arbiterOnly: false, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 1, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 }, { _id: 2, host: '192.168.56.114:27016', arbiterOnly: true, buildIndexes: true, hidden: false, priority: 0, tags: {}, secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'), votes: 1 } ], protocolVersion: Long('1'), writeConcernMajorityJournalDefault: true, settings: { chainingAllowed: true, heartbeatIntervalMillis: 2000, heartbeatTimeoutSecs: 10, electionTimeoutMillis: 10000, catchUpTimeoutMillis: -1, catchUpTakeoverDelayMillis: 30000, getLastErrorModes: {}, getLastErrorDefaults: { w: 1, wtimeout: 0 }, replicaSetId: ObjectId('698b3ac636c0e40ea3e5f66c') } } rs0 [direct: primary] test> config.members[1].priority = 5 <<<<< 修改从库的priority节点大于当前主节点的priority 5 rs0 [direct: primary] test> rs.reconfig(config) <<<<< 刷新配置信息 { ok: 1, '$clusterTime': { clusterTime: Timestamp({ t: 1770737382, i: 1 }), signature: { hash: Binary.createFromBase64('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=', 0), keyId: Long('0') } }, operationTime: Timestamp({ t: 1770737382, i: 1 }) } rs0 [direct: primary] test> rs0 [direct: secondary] test> <<<<<<<<< 再次刷新原来的主库变成了从库 rs0 [direct: secondary] test>

原来的从库变成了主库

D:\mongosh-2.6.0-win32-x64\bin>mongosh "mongodb://192.168.56.113:27013" Current Mongosh Log ID: 698b4f9be31ca9da01628c9f Connecting to: mongodb://192.168.56.113:27013/?directConnection=true&appName=mongosh+2.6.0 Using MongoDB: 7.0.4 Using Mongosh: 2.6.0 For mongosh info see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/mongodb-shell/ ------ The server generated these startup warnings when booting 2026-02-10T16:29:31.285+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted ------ rs0 [direct: primary] test>
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