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Groovy (JSR223) 字符串语法

news 2026/5/12 3:28:51

Groovy (JSR223) 的字符串语法 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

1. 单引号字符串（不支持插值）

def str = 'Hello World'
def name = 'Tom'
def str2 = 'Hello ${name}'  // 输出: Hello ${name} (不会插值)

2. 双引号字符串（支持插值）

def name = 'Tom'
def str = "Hello ${name}"  // 输出: Hello Tom
def str2 = "Line1\nLine2"  // 支持转义

3. 三单引号（多行字符串，不转义，不插值）⭐⭐⭐

def json = '''
{"name": "张三","path": "C:\\Users\\test\\file.txt","regex": "\\d+\\.\\d+","quote": "He said 'hello'"
}
'''
// 所有字符都按原样输出，无需转义

4. 三双引号（多行字符串，不转义，支持插值）⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

def name = "张三"
def userId = "10001"def json = """
{"name": "${name}","userId": "${userId}","path": "C:\\Users\\test\\file.txt","regex": "\\d+\\.\\d+","message": "He said 'hello' and \"goodbye\""
}
"""
// 支持变量插值，且无需转义反斜杠和引号

5. 斜杠字符串（正则表达式专用）

def pattern = /\d+\.\d+/  // 无需转义反斜杠
def path = /C:\Users\test\file.txt/  // 路径也很方便

二、BeanShell 的字符串语法（受限）

1. 只支持双引号字符串

String str = "Hello World";
String name = "Tom";
String str2 = "Hello " + name;  // 必须用 + 拼接

2. 必须转义特殊字符

// ❌ BeanShell 不支持三引号
String json = """
{"name": "test"
}
""";  // 语法错误！// ✅ 必须这样写（痛苦）
String json = "{\n" +"  \"name\": \"test\",\n" +"  \"path\": \"C:\\\\Users\\\\test\\\\file.txt\"\n" +"}";

3. BeanShell 的多行字符串解决方案

方案A: 字符串拼接（传统方式）

String json = "{" +"\"code\": 0," +"\"message\": \"success\"," +"\"data\": {" +"\"userId\": \"10001\"," +"\"name\": \"张三\"," +"\"path\": \"C:\\\\Users\\\\test\\\\file.txt\"" +"}" +
"}";

方案B: StringBuilder（稍好一点）

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("{\n");
sb.append("  \"code\": 0,\n");
sb.append("  \"message\": \"success\",\n");
sb.append("  \"data\": {\n");
sb.append("    \"userId\": \"10001\",\n");
sb.append("    \"name\": \"张三\",\n");
sb.append("    \"path\": \"C:\\\\Users\\\\test\\\\file.txt\"\n");
sb.append("  \n");
sb.append("}");String json = sb.toString();

方案C: 使用 JSON 库（推荐）⭐⭐⭐

import org.json.JSONObject;JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("code", 0);
json.put("message", "success");JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
data.put("userId", "10001");
data.put("name", "张三");
data.put("path", "C:\Users\test\file.txt");  // 只需转义一次json.put("data", data);String jsonStr = json.toString(2);  // 2 表示缩进

三、实际对比示例

场景：返回包含特殊字符的 JSON

Groovy (JSR223) - 优雅 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

def userId = vars.get("userId") ?: "10001"
def filePath = "C:\Users\test\data.txt"// 方式1: 三双引号（最推荐）
def json = """
{"code": 0,"message": "success","data": {"userId": "${userId}","name": "张三","path": "${filePath}","regex": "\\d+\\.\\d+","quote": "He said 'hello' and \"goodbye\"","sql": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Tom'"}
}
"""SampleResult.setResponseData(json, "UTF-8")
SampleResult.setSuccessful(true)// 方式2: 三单引号（无插值）
def json = '''
{"code": 0,"message": "success","data": {"path": "C:\Users\test\data.txt","regex": "\\d+\\.\\d+","quote": "He said 'hello'"}
}
'''

BeanShell - 痛苦 ⭐

String userId = vars.get("userId");
if (userId == null) userId = "10001";// 方式1: 字符串拼接（痛苦）
String json = "{" +"\"code\": 0," +"\"message\": \"success\"," +"\"data\": {" +"\"userId\": \"" + userId + "\"," +"\"name\": \"张三\"," +"\"path\": \"C:\\\\Users\\\\test\\\\data.txt\"," +"\"regex\": \"\\\\d+\\\\.\\\\d+\"," +"\"quote\": \"He said 'hello' and \\\"goodbye\\\"\"" +"}" +
"}";ResponseData = json;
IsSuccess = true;// 方式2: 使用 JSON 库（推荐）
import org.json.JSONObject;JSONObject response = new JSONObject();
response.put("code", 0);
response.put("message", "success");JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
data.put("userId", userId);
data.put("name", "张三");
data.put("path", "C:\Users\test\data.txt");
data.put("regex", "\\d+\\.\\d+");
data.put("quote", "He said 'hello' and \"goodbye\"");response.put("data", data);ResponseData = response.toString(2);
IsSuccess = true;

四、转义字符对比表

字符	Groovy 单/双引号	Groovy 三引号	BeanShell
换行 \n	\n	直接换行	\n
反斜杠 \	\	\	\
双引号 "	"	"	\"
单引号 '	'	'	'
制表符 \t	\t	直接 Tab	\t
路径 C:\test	C:\test	C:\test	C:\\test
正则 \d+	\d+	\d+	\\d+

五、完整实战对比

需求：返回包含 SQL、正则、路径的复杂 JSON

Groovy 实现（简洁）

def userId = vars.get("userId") ?: "10001"
def userName = vars.get("userName") ?: "张三"def response = """
{"code": 0,"message": "查询成功","data": {"userId": "${userId}","userName": "${userName}","sql": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Tom' AND age > 18","regex": "^\\d{3}-\\d{4}-\\d{4}$","filePath": "C:\Users\test\documents\report.xlsx","jsonPath": "$..books[?(@.price < 10)]","xpath": "//div[@class='content']//p[1]","description": "He said: \"Hello, I'm Tom\" and she replied 'Hi!'"},"timestamp": ${System.currentTimeMillis()}
}
"""SampleResult.setResponseData(response, "UTF-8")
SampleResult.setResponseCode("200")
SampleResult.setSuccessful(true)

BeanShell 实现（复杂）

import org.json.JSONObject;String userId = vars.get("userId");
if (userId == null) userId = "10001";
String userName = vars.get("userName");
if (userName == null) userName = "张三";JSONObject response = new JSONObject();
response.put("code", 0);
response.put("message", "查询成功");JSONObject data = new JSONObject();
data.put("userId", userId);
data.put("userName", userName);
data.put("sql", "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'Tom' AND age > 18");
data.put("regex", "^\\d{3}-\\d{4}-\\d{4}$");
data.put("filePath", "C:\Users\test\documents\report.xlsx");
data.put("jsonPath", "$..books[?(@.price < 10)]");
data.put("xpath", "//div[@class='content']//p[1]");
data.put("description", "He said: \"Hello, I'm Tom\" and she replied 'Hi!'");response.put("data", data);
response.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());ResponseData = response.toString(2);
ResponseCode = "200";
IsSuccess = true;

六、对比

特性	Groovy (JSR223)	BeanShell
三引号支持	✅ 支持 ''' 和 """	❌ 不支持
字符串插值	✅ "Hello ${name}"	❌ 必须用 + 拼接
多行字符串	✅ 原生支持	❌ 需要 + 或 StringBuilder
转义复杂度	⭐ 简单	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 复杂
代码可读性	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 优秀	⭐⭐ 较差
推荐度	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	⭐ 不推荐