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Spring Boot 与 MongoDB 集成实战

news 2026/5/25 21:48:33

Spring Boot 与 MongoDB 集成实战

引言

大家好，今天想和大家聊聊 Spring Boot 与 MongoDB 的集成实践。作为一名 Java 架构师，我在多个项目中使用了 MongoDB 作为文档数据库。MongoDB 的灵活性和高性能让它成为现代应用开发的理想选择。让我们一起深入探索。

1. MongoDB 基础配置

1.1 依赖配置

<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>

1.2 连接配置

spring: data: mongodb: uri: mongodb://user:password@localhost:27017/mydb # 或者使用分片配置 # uri: mongodb://user:password@host1:27017,host2:27017/mydb?replicaSet=rs0

2. 文档建模

2.1 实体类定义

@Document(collection = "users") public class User { @Id private String id; @Field("user_name") private String username; @Indexed(unique = true) private String email; @DBRef private List<Order> orders; @CreatedDate private LocalDateTime createdAt; // getters and setters } @Document(collection = "orders") public class Order { @Id private String id; private String productName; private BigDecimal amount; private OrderStatus status; // getters and setters }

3. Repository 操作

3.1 基础 CRUD

@Repository public interface UserRepository extends MongoRepository<User, String> { List<User> findByUsernameContaining(String username); Optional<User> findByEmail(String email); @Query("{ 'orders.status': ?0 }") List<User> findByOrderStatus(String status); @Query(value = "{ 'email': ?0 }", delete = true) void deleteByEmail(String email); }

4. 聚合查询

@Service public class UserAnalyticsService { @Autowired private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate; public List<Document> getUserOrderStats() { Aggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation( Aggregation.lookup("orders", "_id", "userId", "userOrders"), Aggregation.unwind("userOrders"), Aggregation.group("username") .sum("userOrders.amount").as("totalAmount") .count().as("orderCount"), Aggregation.sort(Sort.Direction.DESC, "totalAmount") ); return mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, "users", Document.class) .getMappedResults(); } }

5. 事务支持

@Service public class OrderService { @Transactional public void createOrderWithTransaction(Order order, String userId) { // 创建订单 orderRepository.save(order); // 更新用户 User user = userRepository.findById(userId).orElseThrow(); user.getOrders().add(order); userRepository.save(user); } }