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UI----1

news 2026/6/18 12:37:55

OC UI (1)

一、UILabel

UILabel是可以在屏幕上显示文字的一种视图

代码演示：

-(void)creatUI{//定义并创建UILabel对象//UILabel是可以显示在屏幕，可以显示文字的UI视图UILabel*label=[[UILabel alloc]init];//显示文字label.text=@"同地不同时";label.textColor=[UIColor blackColor];//设定label位置label.frame=CGRectMake(100,100,200,100);//设置背景颜色label.backgroundColor=[UIColor greenColor];//self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];label.font=[UIFont systemFontOfSize:20];//将label显示到屏幕[self.view addSubview:label];//设置阴影的颜色label.shadowColor=[UIColor redColor];label.shadowOffset=CGSizeMake(3,1);//设置文字对齐,默认靠左对齐label.textAlignment=NSTextAlignmentCenter;//自动换行,默认为1，0为自动换行label.numberOfLines=0;}-(void)viewDidLoad{[superviewDidLoad];[selfcreatUI];}

二、UIButton

这是一个图片按钮

创建普通按钮

-(void)createUIRectButton{//创建一个btn对象//圆角类型UIButton*btn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];//设置位置btn.frame=CGRectMake(100,100,100,40);//按钮文字内容与状态[btn setTitle:@"按钮01"forState:UIControlStateNormal];[btn setTitle:@"按钮按下"forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];//背景颜色btn.backgroundColor=[UIColor greenColor];//设置文字颜色//p1:颜色//p2:状态[btn setTitleColor:[UIColor yellowColor]forState:UIControlStateNormal];//设置风格颜色,也是改变文字颜色，优先级弱于上边[btn setTintColor:[UIColor blackColor]];//设置字体大小btn.titleLabel.font=[UIFont systemFontOfSize:18];//添加到视图中并显示[self.view addSubview:btn];}

创建一个自定义按钮

-(void)creatImageBtn{//创建一个自定义类型的btnUIButton*btnImage=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];btnImage.frame=CGRectMake(100,200,300,300);UIImage*btn1=[UIImage imageNamed:@"btn01.jpg"];UIImage*btn2=[UIImage imageNamed:@"btn02.jpg"];//图片名要确保一致[btnImage setImage:btn1 forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];//按下后的图片[btnImage setImage:btn2 forState:UIControlStateNormal];//初始图片[self.view addSubview:btnImage];}

自定义按钮的图片要拖进Assets文件

UIButton事件处理

-(void)creatBt{UIButton*btn=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];btn.frame=CGRectMake(100,100,80,40);[btn setTitle:@"按钮"forState:UIControlStateNormal];btn.backgroundColor=[UIColor greenColor];//向按钮添加事件函数//p1:谁来实现事件函数，实现对象就是谁；p2:当按钮满足p3事件类型调用函数；p3:事件处理函数类型//UIControlEventTouchUpInside:手指离开屏幕时手指在的位置在按钮范围内触发事件函数[btn addTarget:selfaction:@selector(pressBtn:)forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];UIButton*btn2=[UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];btn2.frame=CGRectMake(200,200,80,40);[btn2 setTitle:@"按钮2"forState:UIControlStateNormal];btn2.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];[btn2 addTarget:selfaction:@selector(pressBtn:)forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];btn.tag=101;btn2.tag=102;[self.view addSubview:btn];[self.view addSubview:btn2];}-(void)pressBtn:(UIButton*)btn{if(btn.tag==101){NSLog(@"btn按钮被按下");}if(btn.tag==102){NSLog(@"btn2按钮被按下");}}-(void)viewDidLoad{[superviewDidLoad];[selfcreatBt];// Do any additional setup after loading the view.}

三、UIView

UIView基础

-(void)viewDidLoad{[superviewDidLoad];UIView*view=[[UIView alloc]init];view.frame=CGRectMake(100,100,100,200);view.backgroundColor=[UIColor orangeColor];//将新建的视图添加到父视图上[self.view addSubview:view];//是否隐藏视图对象//YES：不显示//NO：显示view.hidden=NO;//设置视图透明度//alpha = 1不透明；= 0 透明；0.5半透明；view.alpha=1;self.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor blueColor];//设置是否不透明//NO：透明//YES：不透明view.opaque=NO;//将自己从父亲视图删除掉//1:从父亲视图的管理中删除//2:不会显示在屏幕//[view removeFromSuperview];}

UIView层级关系

-(void)viewDidLoad{[superviewDidLoad];UIView*view1=[[UIView alloc]init];view1.frame=CGRectMake(100,100,150,150);view1.backgroundColor=[UIColor blueColor];UIView*view2=[[UIView alloc]init];view2.frame=CGRectMake(125,125,150,150);view2.backgroundColor=[UIColor greenColor];UIView*view3=[[UIView alloc]init];view3.frame=CGRectMake(150,150,150,150);view3.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];[self.view addSubview:view1];[self.view addSubview:view2];[self.view addSubview:view3];[self.view bringSubviewToFront:view1];//将view1移动到最上层[self.view sendSubviewToBack:view3];//将view3移动到最下层//subviews管理所有self.view的子视图的数组UIView*viewFront=self.view.subviews[2];UIView*viewBack=self.view.subviews[0];if(viewBack==view3){NSLog(@"==");}else{NSLog(@"不相等");}}

值得一提的是bringSubviewToFront方法时移动了视图在数组中的位置

四、UIWindow

UIWindow 是所有视图的顶级容器，承载整个 App 界面；

-(void)scene:(UIScene*)scene willConnectToSession:(UISceneSession*)session options:(UISceneConnectionOptions*)connectionOptions{self.window.rootViewController=[[UIViewController alloc]init];//创建根视图控制器self.window.backgroundColor=[UIColor blueColor];UIView*view=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100,100,150,150)];view.backgroundColor=[UIColor orangeColor];UIView*backview=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(200,120,240,360)];backview.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];//子视图的坐标是参照父亲视图的坐标系//当父亲视图移动的时候，所有的子视图会相对移动[backview addSubview:view];[self.window addSubview:backview];[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];//显示根视图NSLog(@"%@\n, %@\n, %@\n",view.window,backview.window,self.window);}

五、UIViewController

一个控制器 = 一个独立页面，APP 里的每一页基本都对应一个UIViewController。

常用生命周期方法（执行顺序）

init/initWithCoder:
控制器初始化，只走一次
viewDidLoad
视图加载完成后调用，只走一次
用来：初始化 UI、网络请求、设置数据
viewWillAppear:
页面即将显示时调用（每次出现都会走）
viewDidAppear:
页面已经显示
viewWillDisappear:
页面即将消失
viewDidDisappear:
页面已经消失

//// View2.m// UIViewController//// Created by luzi on 2026/4/2.//#import"View2.h"@interfaceView2()@end@implementationView2-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch*>*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent*)event{//使当前的控制器消失掉[selfdismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];}-(void)viewDidLoad{[superviewDidLoad];// Do any additional setup after loading the view.self.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor orangeColor];}-(void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated{NSLog(@"%@ 视图即将消失",[selfclass]);}-(void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated{NSLog(@"%@ 视图已消失",[selfclass]);}-(void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated{NSLog(@"%@ 视图已显示",[selfclass]);}-(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{NSLog(@"%@ 视图即将显示",[selfclass]);}/* #pragma mark - Navigation // In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation - (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender { // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController]. // Pass the selected object to the new view controller. } */@end

//// ViewController.m// UIViewController//// Created by luzi on 2026/4/2.//#import"ViewController.h"#import"View2.h"@interfaceViewController()@end@implementationViewController-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch*>*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent*)event{View2*vc=[[View2 alloc]init];[selfpresentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:nil];}//第一次加载视图时调用-(void)viewDidLoad{[superviewDidLoad];// Do any additional setup after loading the view.self.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor greenColor];NSLog(@"viewDidLoad第一次加载视图");}//视图控制器的视图即将显示时，参数：是否用动画切换-(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{NSLog(@"视图即将显示");}//视图即将消失//当前状态视图还是显示在屏幕上-(void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated{NSLog(@"视图即将消失");}//-(void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated{NSLog(@"视图已经出现");}-(void)viewDidDisappear:(BOOL)animated{NSLog(@"视图已经消失");}@end