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部分克隆 + 稀疏检出

news 2026/5/12 17:16:00

一、需求背景

在git使用过程中，为了解决只对目标文件或者目标文件夹以及灵活组合的配置下去维护对应的文件需求，避免工作目录+.git仓库过大的问题

二、脚本实例

# ====== 配置区 =====================================
# 仓库地址
$RepoUrl = "git@github.com:fastapi/fastapi.git"
# 分支名（或主分支）
$Branch = "woshiyigemingzi"
# 想要拉取的文件夹（相对仓库根目录路径）
$TargetDirs = @("我是和git同级别\helloword"
)
# 想要拉取的"单个文件"（相对仓库根目录路径）
# 这个数组必须存在，即使为空
$TargetFiles = @()# 本地工作目录
$WorkDir = "D:\workspace\code\helloword"
# 浅克隆深度（只取最近5次提交）
$Depth = 5
# 私钥路径
$PrivateKey = "D:\xiatianxiatian\qiaoqiaoguoqu\liuxiaxiaomimi"
# ====== 执行区 =========================================# 简单的暂停函数
function Pause-Script {Write-Host "Press any key to continue..."$null = $host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey("NoEcho,IncludeKeyDown")
}# ====== 优化删除确认部分 ======
# 清理工作区（优化后的确认提示）
if (Test-Path $WorkDir) {$items = Get-ChildItem $WorkDir -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinueif ($items.Count -gt 0) {Write-Host "=" * 60Write-Host "WORKING DIRECTORY WILL BE DELETED" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "=" * 60Write-Host "Directory: $WorkDir" -ForegroundColor YellowWrite-Host "Contains: $($items.Count) items total" -ForegroundColor Yellow# 统计文件和目录数量$files = $items | Where-Object { -not $_.PSIsContainer }$dirs = $items | Where-Object { $_.PSIsContainer }Write-Host "  - Files: $($files.Count)" -ForegroundColor YellowWrite-Host "  - Directories: $($dirs.Count)" -ForegroundColor Yellow# 显示前5个项目if ($items.Count -gt 0) {Write-Host "Top items:" -ForegroundColor Yellow$items | Select-Object -First 5 | ForEach-Object {$type = if ($_.PSIsContainer) { "DIR" } else { "FILE" }$size = if (-not $_.PSIsContainer) { " ($([math]::Round($_.Length/1KB, 2)) KB)" } else { "" }Write-Host "  [$type] $($_.Name)$size" -ForegroundColor Yellow}if ($items.Count -gt 5) {Write-Host "  ... and $($items.Count - 5) more items" -ForegroundColor Yellow}}Write-Host "=" * 60Write-Host "This operation will PERMANENTLY delete the entire directory!" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "=" * 60$confirm = Read-Host "Type 'DELETE' to confirm deletion, or press Enter to cancel"if ($confirm -ne "DELETE") {Write-Host "Operation cancelled by user."exit 1}}# 执行删除try {Remove-Item $WorkDir -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction StopWrite-Host "Directory removed: $WorkDir"}catch {Write-Host "Failed to remove directory: $_" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "Possible reasons:" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "1. Files are open in another program" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "2. Insufficient permissions" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "3. Path too long" -ForegroundColor RedPause-Scriptexit 1}
}# 创建新目录
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $WorkDir -Force | Out-Null
Set-Location $WorkDir
Write-Host "Created working directory: $WorkDir"# 配置SSH认证
$env:GIT_SSH_COMMAND = "ssh -i `"$PrivateKey`" -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no"
Write-Host "Using SSH key: $PrivateKey"# 执行部分克隆
Write-Host "Cloning repository (partial clone)..."
$cloneResult = git clone --filter=blob:none --no-checkout --depth $Depth -b $Branch $RepoUrl . 2>&1
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {Write-Host "Clone failed. Ensure:" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "1. Git version >= 2.19" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "2. Server supports partial clone" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "3. SSH key has repository access" -ForegroundColor RedWrite-Host "Error: $cloneResult" -ForegroundColor RedPause-Scriptexit 1
}# 配置稀疏检出
Write-Host "Configuring sparse checkout..."
git sparse-checkout init --no-cone 2>&1 | Out-Null
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {Write-Host "Sparse checkout init failed"Pause-Scriptexit 1
}# 构造稀疏检出的匹配路径
$includePaths = @()foreach ($dir in $TargetDirs) {if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($dir)) { continue }$normalizedDir = $dir.Replace('\', '/').Trim('/')$includePaths += "$normalizedDir"$includePaths += "$normalizedDir/*"Write-Host "Include directory: $normalizedDir"
}foreach ($file in $TargetFiles) {if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($file)) { continue }$normalizedFile = $file.Replace('\', '/').TrimStart('/')$includePaths += $normalizedFileWrite-Host "Include file: $normalizedFile"
}if ($includePaths.Count -eq 0) {Write-Host "No directories or files specified."Pause-Scriptexit 1
}# 设置稀疏检出规则
Write-Host "Setting sparse checkout paths..."
git sparse-checkout set @includePaths 2>&1 | Out-Null
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {Write-Host "Failed to set sparse checkout paths"Pause-Scriptexit 1
}# 检出文件
Write-Host "Checking out files..."
$checkoutResult = git checkout $Branch 2>&1
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {Write-Host "Checkout failed: $checkoutResult"Pause-Scriptexit 1
}# 验证结果
$success = $trueWrite-Host "`nVerifying directories..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
foreach ($dir in $TargetDirs) {if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($dir)) { continue }$targetPath = Join-Path $WorkDir $dirif (Test-Path $targetPath -PathType Container) {$fileCount = (Get-ChildItem $targetPath -Recurse -File -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).CountWrite-Host "[Success]$dir ($fileCount files)" -ForegroundColor Green}else {Write-Host "[FAIL]$dir (not found)" -ForegroundColor Red$success = $false}
}Write-Host "`nVerifying files..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
foreach ($file in $TargetFiles) {if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($file)) { continue }$filePath = Join-Path $WorkDir $fileif (Test-Path $filePath -PathType Leaf) {Write-Host "[Success]$file" -ForegroundColor Green}else {Write-Host "[FAIL]$file (not found)" -ForegroundColor Red$success = $false}
}if (-not $success) {Write-Host "`nSome items were not found. Check paths are correct in repository." -ForegroundColor YellowWrite-Host "To view repository structure: git ls-tree -r HEAD --name-only" -ForegroundColor Yellow
}# 清理敏感信息
$env:GIT_SSH_COMMAND = $nullWrite-Host "`nDone." -ForegroundColor Green
exit 0