Python 功能和特点(新手必学)

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deffunction(arg1="",arg2=""):

print"arg1: {0}".format(arg1)

print"arg2: {0}".format(arg2)

function("Hello","World")

# prints args1: Hello

# prints args2: World

function()

# prints args1:

# prints args2:

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deffoo(*args):# just use "*" to collect all remaining arguments into a tuple

numargs=len(args)

print"Number of arguments: {0}".format(numargs)

fori, xinenumerate(args):

print"Argument {0} is: {1}".format(i,x)

foo()

# Number of arguments: 0

foo("hello")

# Number of arguments: 1

# Argument 0 is: hello

foo("hello","World","Again")

# Number of arguments: 3

# Argument 0 is: hello

# Argument 1 is: World

# Argument 2 is: Again

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importglob

# get all py files

files=glob.glob('*.py')

printfiles

# Output

# ['arg.py', 'g.py', 'shut.py', 'test.py']

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importitertools as it, glob

defmultiple_file_types(*patterns):

returnit.chain.from_iterable(glob.glob(pattern)forpatterninpatterns)

forfilenameinmultiple_file_types("*.txt","*.py"):# add as many filetype arguements

printfilename

# output

#=========#

# test.txt

# arg.py

# g.py

# shut.py

# test.py

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importitertools as it, glob, os

defmultiple_file_types(*patterns):

returnit.chain.from_iterable(glob.glob(pattern)forpatterninpatterns)

forfilenameinmultiple_file_types("*.txt","*.py"):# add as many filetype arguements

realpath=os.path.realpath(filename)

printrealpath

# output

#=========#

# C:\xxx\pyfunc\test.txt

# C:\xxx\pyfunc\arg.py

# C:\xxx\pyfunc\g.py

# C:\xxx\pyfunc\shut.py

# C:\xxx\pyfunc\test.py

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importlogging, inspect

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,

format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)-8s %(filename)s:%(lineno)-4d: %(message)s',

datefmt='%m-%d %H:%M',

)

logging.debug('A debug message')

logging.info('Some information')

logging.warning('A shot across the bow')

deftest():

frame,filename,line_number,function_name,lines,index=\

inspect.getouterframes(inspect.currentframe())[1]

print(frame,filename,line_number,function_name,lines,index)

test()

# Should print the following (with current date/time of course)

#10-19 19:57 INFO test.py:9 : Some information

#10-19 19:57 WARNING test.py:10 : A shot across the bow

#(, 'C:/xxx/pyfunc/magic.py', 16, '', ['test()\n'], 0)

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importuuid

result=uuid.uuid1()

printresult

# output => various attempts

# 9e177ec0-65b6-11e3-b2d0-e4d53dfcf61b

# be57b880-65b6-11e3-a04d-e4d53dfcf61b

# c3b2b90f-65b6-11e3-8c86-e4d53dfcf61b

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importhmac,hashlib

key='1'

data='a'

printhmac.new(key, data, hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()

m=hashlib.sha1()

m.update("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog")

printm.hexdigest()

# c6e693d0b35805080632bc2469e1154a8d1072a86557778c27a01329630f8917

# 2fd4e1c67a2d28fced849ee1bb76e7391b93eb12

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importpickle

variable=['hello',42, [1,'two'],'apple']

# serialize content

file=open('serial.txt','w')

serialized_obj=pickle.dumps(variable)

file.write(serialized_obj)

file.close()

# unserialize to produce original content

target=open('serial.txt','r')

myObj=pickle.load(target)

printserialized_obj

printmyObj

#output

# (lp0

# S'hello'

# p1

# aI42

# a(lp2

# I1

# aS'two'

# p3

# aaS'apple'

# p4

# a.

# ['hello', 42, [1, 'two'], 'apple']

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importjson

variable=['hello',42, [1,'two'],'apple']

print"Original {0} - {1}".format(variable,type(variable))

# encoding

encode=json.dumps(variable)

print"Encoded {0} - {1}".format(encode,type(encode))

#deccoding

decoded=json.loads(encode)

print"Decoded {0} - {1}".format(decoded,type(decoded))

# output

# Original ['hello', 42, [1, 'two'], 'apple'] - <type 'list'="">

# Encoded ["hello", 42, [1, "two"], "apple"] - <type 'str'="">

# Decoded [u'hello', 42, [1, u'two'], u'apple'] - <type 'list'="">

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importzlib

string=""" Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur

adipiscing elit. Nunc ut elit id mi ultricies

adipiscing. Nulla facilisi. Praesent pulvinar,

sapien vel feugiat vestibulum, nulla dui pretium orci,

non ultricies elit lacus quis ante. Lorem ipsum dolor

sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Aliquam

pretium ullamcorper urna quis iaculis. Etiam ac massa

sed turpis tempor luctus. Curabitur sed nibh eu elit

mollis congue. Praesent ipsum diam, consectetur vitae

ornare a, aliquam a nunc. In id magna pellentesque

tellus posuere adipiscing. Sed non mi metus, at lacinia

augue. Sed magna nisi, ornare in mollis in, mollis

sed nunc. Etiam at justo in leo congue mollis.

Nullam in neque eget metus hendrerit scelerisque

eu non enim. Ut malesuada lacus eu nulla bibendum

id euismod urna sodales. """

print"Original Size: {0}".format(len(string))

compressed=zlib.compress(string)

print"Compressed Size: {0}".format(len(compressed))

decompressed=zlib.decompress(compressed)

print"Decompressed Size: {0}".format(len(decompressed))

# output

# Original Size: 1022

# Compressed Size: 423

# Decompressed Size: 1022