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如何快速画UML

news 2026/5/1 22:26:37

以前毕业设计画 UML 图累的要死。。。

最近在学习一个项目，做数据模型的时候使用 AI 绘制 UML 图来理清楚数据模型之间的关系。以下是步骤

1、代码

示例如下，代码来自于datawhale的 hello-agents 项目

"""数据模型定义"""from typing import List, Optional, Union
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
from datetime import date# ============ 请求模型 ============class TripRequest(BaseModel):"""旅行规划请求"""city: str = Field(..., description="目的地城市", example="北京")start_date: str = Field(..., description="开始日期 YYYY-MM-DD", example="2025-06-01")end_date: str = Field(..., description="结束日期 YYYY-MM-DD", example="2025-06-03")travel_days: int = Field(..., description="旅行天数", ge=1, le=30, example=3)transportation: str = Field(..., description="交通方式", example="公共交通")accommodation: str = Field(..., description="住宿偏好", example="经济型酒店")preferences: List[str] = Field(default=[], description="旅行偏好标签", example=["历史文化", "美食"])free_text_input: Optional[str] = Field(default="", description="额外要求", example="希望多安排一些博物馆")class Config:json_schema_extra = {"example": {"city": "北京","start_date": "2025-06-01","end_date": "2025-06-03","travel_days": 3,"transportation": "公共交通","accommodation": "经济型酒店","preferences": ["历史文化", "美食"],"free_text_input": "希望多安排一些博物馆"}}class POISearchRequest(BaseModel):"""POI搜索请求"""keywords: str = Field(..., description="搜索关键词", example="故宫")city: str = Field(..., description="城市", example="北京")citylimit: bool = Field(default=True, description="是否限制在城市范围内")class RouteRequest(BaseModel):"""路线规划请求"""origin_address: str = Field(..., description="起点地址", example="北京市朝阳区阜通东大街6号")destination_address: str = Field(..., description="终点地址", example="北京市海淀区上地十街10号")origin_city: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="起点城市")destination_city: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="终点城市")route_type: str = Field(default="walking", description="路线类型: walking/driving/transit")# ============ 响应模型 ============class Location(BaseModel):"""地理位置"""longitude: float = Field(..., description="经度")latitude: float = Field(..., description="纬度")class Attraction(BaseModel):"""景点信息"""name: str = Field(..., description="景点名称")address: str = Field(..., description="地址")location: Location = Field(..., description="经纬度坐标")visit_duration: int = Field(..., description="建议游览时间(分钟)",gt=0)description: str = Field(..., description="景点描述")category: Optional[str] = Field(default="景点", description="景点类别")rating: Optional[float] = Field(default=None, description="评分")photos: Optional[List[str]] = Field(default_factory=list, description="景点图片URL列表")poi_id: Optional[str] = Field(default="", description="POI ID")image_url: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="图片URL")ticket_price: int = Field(default=0, description="门票价格(元)")class Meal(BaseModel):"""餐饮信息"""type: str = Field(..., description="餐饮类型: breakfast/lunch/dinner/snack")name: str = Field(..., description="餐饮名称")address: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="地址")location: Optional[Location] = Field(default=None, description="经纬度坐标")description: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="描述")estimated_cost: int = Field(default=0, description="预估费用(元)")class Hotel(BaseModel):"""酒店信息"""name: str = Field(..., description="酒店名称")address: str = Field(default="", description="酒店地址")location: Optional[Location] = Field(default=None, description="酒店位置")price_range: str = Field(default="", description="价格范围")rating: str = Field(default="", description="评分")distance: str = Field(default="", description="距离景点距离")type: str = Field(default="", description="酒店类型")estimated_cost: int = Field(default=0, description="预估费用(元/晚)")class DayPlan(BaseModel):"""单日行程"""date: str = Field(..., description="日期 YYYY-MM-DD")day_index: int = Field(..., description="第几天(从0开始)")description: str = Field(..., description="当日行程描述")transportation: str = Field(..., description="交通方式")accommodation: str = Field(..., description="住宿")hotel: Optional[Hotel] = Field(default=None, description="推荐酒店")attractions: List[Attraction] = Field(default=[], description="景点列表")meals: List[Meal] = Field(default=[], description="餐饮列表")class WeatherInfo(BaseModel):"""天气信息"""date: str = Field(..., description="日期 YYYY-MM-DD")day_weather: str = Field(default="", description="白天天气")night_weather: str = Field(default="", description="夜间天气")day_temp: Union[int, str] = Field(default=0, description="白天温度")night_temp: Union[int, str] = Field(default=0, description="夜间温度")wind_direction: str = Field(default="", description="风向")wind_power: str = Field(default="", description="风力")@field_validator('day_temp', 'night_temp', mode='before')@classmethoddef parse_temperature(cls, v):"""解析温度,移除°C等单位"""if isinstance(v, str):# 移除°C, ℃等单位符号v = v.replace('°C', '').replace('℃', '').replace('°', '').strip()try:return int(v)except ValueError:return 0return vclass Budget(BaseModel):"""预算信息"""total_attractions: int = Field(default=0, description="景点门票总费用")total_hotels: int = Field(default=0, description="酒店总费用")total_meals: int = Field(default=0, description="餐饮总费用")total_transportation: int = Field(default=0, description="交通总费用")total: int = Field(default=0, description="总费用")class TripPlan(BaseModel):"""旅行计划"""city: str = Field(..., description="目的地城市")start_date: str = Field(..., description="开始日期")end_date: str = Field(..., description="结束日期")days: List[DayPlan] = Field(..., description="每日行程")weather_info: List[WeatherInfo] = Field(default=[], description="天气信息")overall_suggestions: str = Field(..., description="总体建议")budget: Optional[Budget] = Field(default=None, description="预算信息")class TripPlanResponse(BaseModel):"""旅行计划响应"""success: bool = Field(..., description="是否成功")message: str = Field(default="", description="消息")data: Optional[TripPlan] = Field(default=None, description="旅行计划数据")class POIInfo(BaseModel):"""POI信息"""id: str = Field(..., description="POI ID")name: str = Field(..., description="名称")type: str = Field(..., description="类型")address: str = Field(..., description="地址")location: Location = Field(..., description="经纬度坐标")tel: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="电话")class POISearchResponse(BaseModel):"""POI搜索响应"""success: bool = Field(..., description="是否成功")message: str = Field(default="", description="消息")data: List[POIInfo] = Field(default=[], description="POI列表")class RouteInfo(BaseModel):"""路线信息"""distance: float = Field(..., description="距离(米)")duration: int = Field(..., description="时间(秒)")route_type: str = Field(..., description="路线类型")description: str = Field(..., description="路线描述")class RouteResponse(BaseModel):"""路线规划响应"""success: bool = Field(..., description="是否成功")message: str = Field(default="", description="消息")data: Optional[RouteInfo] = Field(default=None, description="路线信息")class WeatherResponse(BaseModel):"""天气查询响应"""success: bool = Field(..., description="是否成功")message: str = Field(default="", description="消息")data: List[WeatherInfo] = Field(default=[], description="天气信息")# ============ 错误响应 ============class ErrorResponse(BaseModel):"""错误响应"""success: bool = Field(default=False, description="是否成功")message: str = Field(..., description="错误消息")error_code: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, description="错误代码")

2、 输入大模型得到PlantUML 格式

把第一步的源代码输入到大模型中，让他将该数据模型转换成 PlantUML 格式，得到以下代码：

@startuml
' 设置样式：隐藏方法，只显示属性，让图表更清爽
hide methods
skinparam classAttributeIconSize 0
skinparam monochrome true' ============ 基础/通用模型 ============
class Location {+longitude: float+latitude: float
}' ============ 请求模型 ============
class TripRequest {+city: str+start_date: str+end_date: str+travel_days: int+transportation: str+accommodation: str+preferences: List[str]+free_text_input: Optional[str]
}class POISearchRequest {+keywords: str+city: str+citylimit: bool
}class RouteRequest {+origin_address: str+destination_address: str+origin_city: Optional[str]+destination_city: Optional[str]+route_type: str
}' ============ 业务实体模型 ============
class Attraction {+name: str+address: str+location: Location+visit_duration: int+description: str+category: Optional[str]+rating: Optional[float]+photos: Optional[List[str]]+poi_id: Optional[str]+image_url: Optional[str]+ticket_price: int
}class Meal {+type: str+name: str+address: Optional[str]+location: Optional[Location]+description: Optional[str]+estimated_cost: int
}class Hotel {+name: str+address: str+location: Optional[Location]+price_range: str+rating: str+distance: str+type: str+estimated_cost: int
}class DayPlan {+date: str+day_index: int+description: str+transportation: str+accommodation: str+hotel: Optional[Hotel]+attractions: List[Attraction]+meals: List[Meal]
}class WeatherInfo {+date: str+day_weather: str+night_weather: str+day_temp: Union[int, str]+night_temp: Union[int, str]+wind_direction: str+wind_power: str
}class Budget {+total_attractions: int+total_hotels: int+total_meals: int+total_transportation: int+total: int
}' ============ 核心响应模型 ============
class TripPlan {+city: str+start_date: str+end_date: str+days: List[DayPlan]+weather_info: List[WeatherInfo]+overall_suggestions: str+budget: Optional[Budget]
}class TripPlanResponse {+success: bool+message: str+data: Optional[TripPlan]
}' ============ POI 相关模型 ============
class POIInfo {+id: str+name: str+type: str+address: str+location: Location+tel: Optional[str]
}class POISearchResponse {+success: bool+message: str+data: List[POIInfo]
}' ============ 路线相关模型 ============
class RouteInfo {+distance: float+duration: int+route_type: str+description: str
}class RouteResponse {+success: bool+message: str+data: Optional[RouteInfo]
}' ============ 天气响应模型 ============
class WeatherResponse {+success: bool+message: str+data: List[WeatherInfo]
}' ============ 错误模型 ============
class ErrorResponse {+success: bool+message: str+error_code: Optional[str]
}' ============ 关系定义 ============' 核心行程组合关系
TripPlan "1" o-- "1..*" DayPlan : contains
TripPlan "1" o-- "0..1" Budget : contains
TripPlan "1" o-- "0..*" WeatherInfo : includes' 每日行程组合关系
DayPlan "1" o-- "0..1" Hotel : recommends
DayPlan "1" o-- "0..*" Attraction : visits
DayPlan "1" o-- "0..*" Meal : eats' 实体与地理位置的关系
Attraction "1" --> "1" Location : has
Meal "1" --> "0..1" Location : has
Hotel "1" --> "0..1" Location : has
POIInfo "1" --> "1" Location : has' 响应包装关系
TripPlanResponse "1" o-- "0..1" TripPlan : data
POISearchResponse "1" o-- "0..*" POIInfo : data
RouteResponse "1" o-- "0..1" RouteInfo : data
WeatherResponse "1" o-- "0..*" WeatherInfo : data@enduml

3、绘图

将得到的PlantUML 语言复制到 drawio 绘图软件里，立马出图

image

然后就可以得到自己的 UML 图：

image

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