测试可移植python解释器pocketpy
在微信公众号文章中看到它，一个c文件就能解析python，感到很神奇，到github存储库https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy，下载了2.1.8版头文件（https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/releases/download/v2.1.8/pocketpy.h）和源代码（https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/releases/download/v2.1.8/pocketpy.h）, 以及2.1.6版CLI的源码（https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy/releases/download/v2.1.6/main.c）。
主页上说windows只支持msvc, 我先试试mingw会怎么样
C:\d>ss C:\d>set path=C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Program Files\Git\cmd;C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Scripts\;C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\;C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;;C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Programs\Ollama;C:\Users\lt\.dotnet\tools;C:\d\mingw64\bin;C:\d\pypy C:\d>gcc mainpo.c -o mainpo.exe C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x1e7): undefined reference to `py_initialize' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x1f5): undefined reference to `py_sys_setargv' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x29f): undefined reference to `py_replinput' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x2f4): undefined reference to `py_peek' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x31d): undefined reference to `py_exec' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x32d): undefined reference to `py_printexc' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x339): undefined reference to `py_clearexc' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x349): undefined reference to `py_profiler_begin' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x363): undefined reference to `py_debugger_waitforattach' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x39a): undefined reference to `py_exec' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x3a6): undefined reference to `py_printexc' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x3b1): undefined reference to `py_profiler_report' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x412): undefined reference to `py_checkexc' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x41d): undefined reference to `py_finalize' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccgGXndD.o:mainpo.c:(.text+0x42d): undefined reference to `py_debugger_exit' collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status C:\d>gcc mainpo.c pocketpy.c -o mainpo.exe C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x181fb): undefined reference to `__imp_WSAStartup' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x18246): undefined reference to `__imp_socket' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x18278): undefined reference to `__imp_htons' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x1829c): undefined reference to `__imp_inet_pton' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x182b6): undefined reference to `__imp_bind' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x182ef): undefined reference to `__imp_listen' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x18330): undefined reference to `__imp_accept' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x18361): undefined reference to `__imp_inet_ntop' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x1837a): undefined reference to `__imp_ntohs' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x183b7): undefined reference to `__imp_htons' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x183db): undefined reference to `__imp_inet_pton' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x183f5): undefined reference to `__imp_connect' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x18440): undefined reference to `__imp_recv' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x1847a): undefined reference to `__imp_send' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x1849c): undefined reference to `__imp_closesocket' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x184da): undefined reference to `__imp_ioctlsocket' C:/d/mingw64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/14.2.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\lt\AppData\Local\Temp\ccWiTR5n.o:pocketpy.c:(.text+0x184fe): undefined reference to `__imp_WSAGetLastError' collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status一开始漏写pocketpy.c，报了一堆链接错误，后来写了，还是一堆链接错误，只不过引用的函数变了。
在网上搜索答案。
解决 __imp_WSAStartup 未定义引用错误及 WSAStartup …
在 Windows 下进行 Socket 编程 时，如果编译时报错 undefined reference to ‘__imp_WSAStartup’，通常是因为没有正确链接 Winsock 库。 例如：
(.text+0x24): undefined reference to `__imp_WSAStartup'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
这个错误意味着编译器找不到 WSAStartup 的实现，需要显式链接 ws2_32.lib 或 -lwsock32。
常见解决方法
示例：使用 #pragma comment 链接库
#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, “ws2_32.lib”)
int main() {
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
这种方式适合 Visual Studio 等支持 #pragma comment 的环境。
命令行编译方式
gcc main.c -lwsock32
通过 -lwsock32 参数手动链接 Winsock 库。
IDE 工程设置 在 Dev-C++、VS 等 IDE 中，将 ws2_32.lib 添加到项目的链接器输入项。
WSAStartup 函数简介
WSAStartup 用于初始化 Winsock DLL，是调用任何其他 Winsock API 前必须执行的步骤。 调用格式：
int WSAStartup(WORD wVersionRequested, LPWSADATA lpWSAData);
其中 wVersionRequested 通常使用 MAKEWORD(2, 2) 请求 Winsock 2.2 版本，lpWSAData 用于接收实现信息。成功返回 0，失败返回错误码。
完整示例
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib, “ws2_32.lib”)
int main() {
WSADATA wsaData;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {
printf(“WSAStartup failed\n”);
return 1;
}
printf(“Winsock initialized\n”);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
在使用完网络功能后，必须调用 WSACleanup 来释放资源，否则可能导致内存泄漏或句柄未释放。
查看mingw的目录中不存在ws2_32.lib，只能放弃在windows中编译。改用wsl的gcc容器。
C:\d>wsl root@DESKTOP-59T6U68:/mnt/c/d# docker start gcc gcc root@DESKTOP-59T6U68:/mnt/c/d# docker exec -it gcc bash root@6ae32a5ffcde:/# cd /par root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# gcc mainpo.c pocketpy.c -o mainpo root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# ./mainpo pocketpy 2.1.8 (May 4 2026, 10:52:43) [64 bit] on linux (DEBUG) https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy Type "exit()" to exit. >>> 1+1 2 >>> def a(x):return 2*x >>> print(a(2)) 4 >>> root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# gcc mainpo.c pocketpy.c -o mainpo -O3 root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# time ./mainpo primes.py real 0m4.124s user 0m3.129s sys 0m0.523s root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# time python3 primes.py real 0m2.225s user 0m2.009s sys 0m0.228 root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# python3 --version Python 3.11.2 root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# gcc mainpo1.c pocketpy.c -o mainpo1 -O3 root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# ./mainpo1 pocketpy 2.1.8 (May 4 2026, 11:05:58) [64 bit] on linux https://github.com/pocketpy/pocketpy Type "exit()" to exit. >>> root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# time ./mainpo1 primes.py real 0m3.454s user 0m3.039s sys 0m0.474s编译很顺利，交互界面有模有样的。用源代码benchmark目录中的primes.py脚本测试。默认参数编译出的是DEBUG版本，主页也说性能较差，在main.c加了#define NDEBUG, 重新编译，就没有 (DEBUG)标记了，但是效率还是不如cpython 3.11。
root@6ae32a5ffcde:/par# time lua-5.4.8/src/lua primes.lua real 0m1.619s user 0m1.306s sys 0m0.317s也不如lua 5.4.8。