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Go语言gRPC与Protocol Buffers：高性能RPC框架

news 2026/5/14 11:58:34

Go语言gRPC与Protocol Buffers：高性能RPC框架

1. gRPC概述

gRPC是Google开源的高性能RPC框架，使用HTTP/2和Protocol Buffers提供高效的服务通信。

2. Proto定义

syntax = "proto3"; package user; option go_package = ".;user"; service UserService { rpc GetUser (GetUserRequest) returns (User); rpc ListUsers (ListUsersRequest) returns (ListUsersResponse); rpc CreateUser (CreateUserRequest) returns (User); rpc UpdateUser (UpdateUserRequest) returns (User); rpc DeleteUser (DeleteUserRequest) returns (DeleteUserResponse); } message User { string id = 1; string name = 2; string email = 3; int32 age = 4; string created_at = 5; string updated_at = 6; } message GetUserRequest { string id = 1; } message ListUsersRequest { int32 page = 1; int32 page_size = 2; } message ListUsersResponse { repeated User users = 1; int32 total_count = 2; } message CreateUserRequest { string name = 1; string email = 2; int32 age = 3; } message UpdateUserRequest { string id = 1; string name = 2; string email = 3; int32 age = 4; } message DeleteUserRequest { string id = 1; } message DeleteUserResponse { bool success = 1; }

3. Go服务端实现

package main import ( "context" "log" "net" "google.golang.org/grpc" "user" ) type UserServiceServer struct { user.UnimplementedUserServiceServer users map[string]*user.User } func NewUserServiceServer() *UserServiceServer { return &UserServiceServer{ users: make(map[string]*user.User), } } func (s *UserServiceServer) GetUser(ctx context.Context, req *user.GetUserRequest) (*user.User, error) { if u, ok := s.users[req.Id]; ok { return u, nil } return nil, nil } func (s *UserServiceServer) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, req *user.CreateUserRequest) (*user.User, error) { u := &user.User{ Id: generateID(), Name: req.Name, Email: req.Email, Age: req.Age, } s.users[u.Id] = u return u, nil } func main() { lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":50051") if err != nil { log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err) } s := grpc.NewServer() user.RegisterUserServiceServer(s, &UserServiceServer{}) log.Printf("server listening at %v", lis.Addr()) if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil { log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err) } }

4. Go客户端实现

package main import ( "context" "log" "google.golang.org/grpc" "user" ) func main() { conn, err := grpc.Dial("localhost:50051", grpc.WithInsecure()) if err != nil { log.Fatalf("did not connect: %v", err) } defer conn.Close() c := user.NewUserServiceClient(conn) ctx := context.Background() r, err := c.GetUser(ctx, &user.GetUserRequest{Id: "1"}) if err != nil { log.Fatalf("could not greet: %v", err) } log.Printf("User: %v", r) }