【自动化测试框架】python使用playwright示例

安装

pip install playwright
playwright install

使用示例

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.chromium.launch()page = browser.new_page()page.goto("https://playwright.cn")print(page.title())browser.close()
#面向现代 Web 应用的快速、可靠的端到端测试 | Playwright - Playwright 测试框架

异步使用

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwrightasync def main():async with async_playwright() as p:browser = await p.chromium.launch()page = await browser.new_page()await page.goto("https://playwright.cn")print(await page.title())await browser.close()asyncio.run(main())

1.截图

启动浏览器，访问某个页面，截图，退出

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False,slow_mo=50)#取消无头，减慢执行page = browser.new_page()page.goto("https://playwright.cn/")page.screenshot(path="example.png")browser.close()

有头和无头你可以理解为是否让程序静默执行，还是显示他的模拟操作(即显示他的模拟浏览器操作，可视化）(即有程序浏览器 UI)
上面的程序没有设置有头或无头，所以默认是无头的。
我们想要看看程序是如何模拟的，可以开启有头模式。

2.执行JS代码

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.firefox.launch()page = browser.new_page()page.goto("https://playwright.cn/")dimensions = page.evaluate("""() => {return {width: document.documentElement.clientWidth,height: document.documentElement.clientHeight,deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio}}""")print(dimensions)browser.close()
#{'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'deviceScaleFactor': 1}

3.拦截网络请求，打印出来

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False,slow_mo=100)page = browser.new_page()def log_and_continue_request(route, request):print(request.url)route.continue_()# Log and continue all network requestspage.route("**/*", log_and_continue_request)page.goto("https://playwright.cn/")browser.close()

4.模拟地理位置

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:pixel_5 = p.devices["Pixel 5"]browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False,slow_mo=100)context = browser.new_context(**pixel_5,locale="en-US",geolocation={"longitude": 12.492507, "latitude": 41.889938},permissions=["geolocation"])page = context.new_page()page.goto("https://www.google.com/maps")page.click("[aria-label='Show My Location']")page.wait_for_timeout(1000)page.screenshot(path="colosseum-iphone.png")browser.close()

每个 BrowserContext（浏览器上下文）都可以拥有多个页面。Page（页面）是指浏览器上下文中的单个选项卡或弹出窗口。它应被用于导航至 URL 并与页面内容进行交互。

5.必应搜索

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightclass SearchPage:def __init__(self, page):self.page = pageself.search_term_input = page.locator('[aria-label="在此处输入你的搜索 — 输入时会显示搜索建议"]')def navigate(self):self.page.goto("https://bing.com")def search(self, text):self.search_term_input.fill(text)self.search_term_input.press("Enter")with sync_playwright() as p:# in the testbrowser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False,slow_mo=100)page = browser.new_page()search_page = SearchPage(page)search_page.navigate()search_page.search("search query")time.sleep(3)

6.屏幕录制

import timefrom playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
from playwright.sync_api import expectclass SearchPage:def __init__(self, page):self.page = pageself.search_term_input = page.locator('[aria-label="在此处输入你的搜索 — 输入时会显示搜索建议"]')def navigate(self):self.page.goto("https://www.bing.com")def search(self, text):self.search_term_input.fill(text)if expect(self.search_term_input).to_have_value(text):self.search_term_input.press("Enter")else:self.search_term_input.fill(text)self.search_term_input.press("Enter")with sync_playwright() as p:# in the testbrowser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False,slow_mo=100,args=["--start-maximized"])#全屏context = browser.new_context(no_viewport=True,record_video_dir="./videos/",record_video_size={"width": 1280, "height": 720})page = context.new_page()search_page = SearchPage(page)search_page.navigate()search_page.search("search query")time.sleep(3)

7.打开本地浏览器

import subprocess
import time
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:edge_path = r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe" #实际上你下载edge的目录# 方案1：使用正确的参数格式cmd = [edge_path,"--remote-debugging-port=9222","--remote-debugging-address=127.0.0.1"  # 指定使用 IPv4]# 启动浏览器process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=False)# 等待浏览器完全启动time.sleep(3)# 使用 IPv4 地址连接browser = p.chromium.connect_over_cdp("http://127.0.0.1:9222")# 打印所有已有页面，帮助调试if browser.contexts and browser.contexts[0].pages:page = browser.contexts[0].pages[0]else:page = browser.contexts[0].new_page()# 获取页面page.goto("https://www.bing.com")  # 或你要用的搜索引擎page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")  # 等待页面完全加载time.sleep(2)  # 额外等待，确保动态内容加载

#id_name对应的属性是id="..."井号代表 ID元素的 ID 往往是唯一的，首选使用。

.class_name对应的属性是class="..."点号代表 Class元素有特定的样式类名时使用。

div 或 input标签名直接写标签页面标签比较少，或者需要缩小范围时。

[name="username"]任意属性方括号代表属性没有特殊的 id/class，但有其他特征属性时。

page.locator("#main-card")        # 通过 ID 找 (最推荐)
page.locator(".card-style")       # 通过 Class 找
page.locator("div")               # 通过标签找 (如果页面只有一个div)
page.locator("[data-type='bonus']") # 通过自定义属性找

打包

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwrightwith sync_playwright() as p:browser = p.chromium.launch()page = browser.new_page()page.goto("https://playwright.cn/")page.screenshot(path="example.png")browser.close()

PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=0 playwright install chromium
pyinstaller -F main.py