Elasticsearch 核心入门（四）文档操作
一、文档管理
1. 准备环境
• 清空历史记录
[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X DELETE 'https://10.0.0.91:9200/index*'{"acknowledged":true}[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X DELETE 'https://10.0.0.91:9200/old*'{"acknowledged":true}• 准备索引
vimproduct.json{"aliases":{"oldboy_alias_01":{},"oldboy_alias_02":{},"oldboy_alias_03":{}},"mappings":{"properties":{"product_name":{"type":"keyword"},"inventory":{"type":"integer"},"price":{"type":"float"},"weight":{"type":"short","index":false},"tags":{"type":"keyword","doc_values":true},"merchant_ip":{"type":"ip"},"business_address":{"type":"geo_point"},"delivery_area":{"type":"geo_shape"},"product_upload_time":{"type":"date","format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis"},"app_version":{"type":"version"},"is_up":{"type":"boolean"},"specifications":{"type":"object","properties":{"color":{"type":"keyword"},"size":{"type":"keyword"},"brand":{"type":"keyword"},"material":{"type":"text"}}},"comment":{"type":"text","fields":{"keyword":{"type":"keyword","ignore_above":256}},"analyzer":"standard"}}},"settings":{"number_of_shards":3,"number_of_replicas":1}}# 创建 product.json 配置文件（内容略）vimproduct.json{"aliases":{"oldboy_alias_01":{},"oldboy_alias_02":{},"oldboy_alias_03":{}},"mappings":{"properties":{"product_name":{"type":"keyword"},"inventory":{"type":"integer"},"price":{"type":"float"},"weight":{"type":"short","index":false},"tags":{"type":"keyword","doc_values":true},"merchant_ip":{"type":"ip"},"business_address":{"type":"geo_point"},"delivery_area":{"type":"geo_shape"},"product_upload_time":{"type":"date","format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss||epoch_millis"},"app_version":{"type":"version"},"is_up":{"type":"boolean"},"specifications":{"type":"object","properties":{"color":{"type":"keyword"},"size":{"type":"keyword"},"brand":{"type":"keyword"},"material":{"type":"text"}}},"comment":{"type":"text","fields":{"keyword":{"type":"keyword","ignore_above":256}},"analyzer":"standard"}}},"settings":{"number_of_shards":3,"number_of_replicas":1}}# 创建索引[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X PUT "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index01?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @./product.json2. 创建文档
单条文档创建（指定 ID）
| 插入字段类型 | 插入时写入 |
|---|---|
| geo_point（坐标点） | [经度，纬度] |
| geo_shape（坐标范围） | 【“type”: “envelope”】表示形状为：矩形形状； 写法：“区域字段”: { “type”: “envelope”, “coordinates”: [ [坐标],[坐标] ] }, |
| geo_shape（坐标范围） | 【“type”: “circle”】表示形状为：圆形形状； 写法：“区域字段”: { “type”: “circle”, “coordinates”: [116.4, 39.9], 🅰️注意：这里的中心点，就是商家坐标； “radius”: “1000m” 🅱️表示一公里范围内画圆 }⭐️es7.11版本之后才支持； |
| geo_shape（坐标范围） | 【“type”: “polygon”】表示多边形；要写很多个点(第1个和最后1个点相同经纬度闭合)； |
# 创建文档，ID 为 1[root@es01:~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X PUT "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index01/_doc/1?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"product_name":"高端5G智能手机","inventory":204,"price":5999.0,"weight":3,"tags":["2026年新款","光学摄像头","自动变焦","限时限量5折抢购","国补99%"],"merchant_ip":"120.244.134.121","business_address":[116.4,39.9],"delivery_area":{"type":"envelope","coordinates":[[116.387123,39.908992],[116.412877,39.891008]]},"product_upload_time":"2026-05-26 21:15:33","app_version":"3.1.2","is_up":true,"specifications":{"color":"尊贵金","size":"430x932","brand":"华为","material":"28K纯金"},"comment":"遥遥领先"}'单条创建-不指定ID
指定id创建文档：PUT、POST都行
不指定ID创建文档，必须使用POST
curl-k-uelastic:123456-XPOST"https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index01/_doc?pretty"-H'Content-Type: application/json'-d' { "product_name":"轻薄旗舰拍照手机", "inventory":203, "price":6899.0, "weight":16, "tags":["轻薄旗舰","拍照效果惊艳","便携设计","高颜值","拍照效果出众"], "merchant_ip":"123.244.150.123", "business_address":[116.410000,39.900000], "delivery_area":{ "type":"polygon", "coordinates":[[ [116.400,39.910], [116.420,39.910], [116.420,39.890], [116.400,39.890], [116.400,39.910] ]] }, "product_upload_time":"2025-02-27 17:15:00", "app_version":"3.2.5", "is_up":true, "specifications":{ "color":"晨曦金", "size":"6.4英寸", "brand":"OPPO", "material":"玻璃" }, "comment":"轻薄设计，拍照效果非常惊艳" }'• 查询所有文档
[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X GET 'https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index01/_search?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"query":{"match_all":{}}}' # 只查看文档 ID [root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X GET 'https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index01/_search?pretty&filter_path=hits.hits._id' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"query":{"match_all":{}}}'• 批量创建文档
curl-k-uelastic:123456-XPOST'https://10.0.0.91:9200/_bulk?pretty'-H'Content-Type: application/json'-d' { "index" : { "_index" : "oldboy_index01", "_id" : "3" } } {"product_name":"高端旗舰智能手机","inventory":156,"price":8999.0,"weight":2,"tags":["2025年新款","徕卡摄像头","5G网络","限时优惠","国补20%","旗舰机型"],"merchant_ip":"123.244.134.107","business_address":[116.408000,39.904000],"delivery_area":{"type":"polygon","coordinates":[[[116.398,39.914],[116.418,39.914],[116.418,39.894],[116.398,39.894],[116.398,39.914]]]},"product_upload_time":"2025-03-15 10:30:00","app_version":"3.2.0","is_up":true,"specifications":{"color":"星空黑","size":"6.7英寸","brand":"华为","material":"陶瓷"},"comment":"拍照效果非常出色，夜景模式强大"} { "index" : { "_index" : "oldboy_index01", "_id" : "4" } } {"product_name":"性价比拍照手机","inventory":289,"price":2999.0,"weight":18,"tags":["2024年新款","索尼摄像头","性价比高","学生优惠","拍照神器"],"merchant_ip":"123.244.135.108","business_address":[116.416000,39.902000],"delivery_area":{"type":"polygon","coordinates":[[[116.406,39.912],[116.426,39.912],[116.426,39.892],[116.406,39.892],[116.406,39.912]]]},"product_upload_time":"2025-03-14 14:20:00","app_version":"2.9.1","is_up":true,"specifications":{"color":"珍珠白","size":"6.5英寸","brand":"小米","material":"玻璃"},"comment":"拍照效果很好，性价比超高"} '3. 查询文档过滤
# 查询单个文档[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X GET 'https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index01/_doc/1?pretty'# 批量查询多个文档[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X GET "https://10.0.0.91:9200/_mget?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"docs":[{"_index":"oldboy_index01","_id":"2"},{"_index":"oldboy_index01","_id":"3"}]}' # 所有文档 curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X GET "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index01/_search?pretty" # 只显示 _source 数据，不显示元数据 [root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X GET "https://10.0.0.91:9200/_mget?pretty&filter_path=docs._source" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"docs":[{"_index":"oldboy_index01","_id":"2"},{"_index":"oldboy_index01","_id":"3"}]}'4. 修改文档
• 准备环境
[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X PUT "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index02?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"settings":{"number_of_shards":3,"number_of_replicas":1}}' [root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X PUT "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index02/_doc/1?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"name":"裤子","price":"1200","color":"黑色"}'• 全量覆盖修改（PUT）
[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X PUT "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index02/_doc/1?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"name":"外套"}'• 局部更新（POST_update）
[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X PUT "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index02/_doc/2?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"name":"裤子","price":"1200","color":"黑色"}' [root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X POST "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index02/_update/2?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"doc":{"price":"859","库存":"3"}}' [root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X GET 'https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index02/_doc/2?pretty'5. 删除文档
# 单条删除[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X DELETE "https://10.0.0.91:9200/oldboy_index02/_doc/1?pretty"# 批量删除[root@es01: ~]# curl -k -u elastic:123456 -X POST "https://10.0.0.91:9200/_bulk?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'{"delete":{"_index":"oldboy_index02","_id":"2"}}'