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linux 配置cpp环境测试

news 2026/5/12 2:43:10

安装 g++、gcc、make 等完整工具链
sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential -y
sudo apt-get install cmake -y
sudo apt install gdb -y

编译
g++ hello.cpp -o hello
./hello

显示所有警告
g++ -Wall -Wextra hello.cpp -o hello

包含调试信息（用于gdb调试）
g++ -g hello.cpp -o hello

O1 优化
g++ -O1 hello.cpp -o hello

O2 优化（常用）
g++ -O2 hello.cpp -o hello

O3 最大优化
g++ -O3 hello.cpp -o hello

编译多个文件
g++ main.cpp functions.cpp -o myprogram
./myprogram

使用cmake

CMakeLists.txt 文件

#CMakeLists.txt# 设置:版本cmake_minimum_required(VERSION3.20)# 定义:项目名称project(first_cmake)# 变成执行程序 # 参数：项目名字、源码名字、add_executable(first_cmake first_cmake.cpp)

first_cmake.cpp 文件

#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){cout<<"Hello, World!"<<endl;return0;}

run.sh 文件

# 使用下面步骤代替第一步，原因是有些cmake版本不支持（-S -B）参数mkdirbuildcdbuild cmake..cd../# 下面一样cmake --build build ./build/first_cmake

若使用vscode
配置如下
使用方式：
快速运行：Ctrl+Shift+B
调试：F5

launch.json

{"version":"0.2.0","configurations":[{"name":"调试程序","type":"cppdbg","request":"launch","program":"${workspaceFolder}/build/first_cmake","args":[],"stopAtEntry":false,"cwd":"${workspaceFolder}","environment":[],"externalConsole":false,"MIMode":"gdb","setupCommands":[{"description":"为 gdb 启用整齐打印","text":"-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures":true}],"preLaunchTask":"编译"}]}

tasks.json

{"version":"2.0.0","tasks":[{"label":"编译","type":"shell","command":"cd${workspaceFolder}&& mkdir -p build && cd build && cmake .. && make","group":"build"},{"label":"编译并运行","type":"shell","command":"cd${workspaceFolder}&& mkdir -p build && cd build && cmake .. && make && echo '=== 运行程序 ===' && ./first_cmake","group":{"kind":"build","isDefault":true}}]}