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Opentelemetry在Java中的实践

news 2026/6/4 11:59:07

简介

本文介绍使用Opentelemetry的javaagent jar包进行零代码插桩，并通过Collector收集和发送日志、指标、跟踪。每种数据都存储在不同的后端：

数据类型	对应后端
日志	Loki
指标	Prometheus
跟踪	Tempo

以及通过Grafana展示数据。
前提:Loki、Tempo、Grafana、Prometheus(write模式)的安装

安装

下载jar包，地址： https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java-instrumentation/releases
配置环境参数

JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="-javaagent:/opt/runjar/opentelemetry/opentelemetry-javaagent.jar"
OTEL_SERVICE_NAME="energy"
OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER="otlp"
OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER="otlp"
OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER="otlp"
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT="http://localhost:4317"
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL="grpc"

JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS ‌是 Java 官方标准的环境变量‌，用于在 Java 程序启动时自动传递 JVM 参数，无需修改每个应用的启动命令
OTEL_SERVICE_NAME 指定服务名称，这个名称之后要用于搜索数据
OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER、OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER、OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER 指定数据导出的格式，此处为otlp
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT Collector的地址
OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL 数据传输的协议
其他配置可查看官方文档：
https://opentelemetry.io/docs/languages/sdk-configuration/
https://opentelemetry.io/docs/languages/java/configuration/

以上环境变量可放入一个单独的文件.env中，然后在启动脚本开头加入以下命令以使环境变量生效：

set -a
source .env
set +a

Collector安装

此处使用DEB安装包进行安装，其他安装方式参考:https://opentelemetry.io/zh/docs/collector/install/

下载deb安装包，地址https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-releases/releases
安装命令 dpkg -i otelcol_0.153.0_linux_amd64.deb
修改配置文件
安装完成后，会生成一个默认配置文件：/etc/otelcol/config.yaml
改成如下配置:

# To limit exposure to denial of service attacks, change the host in endpoints below from 0.0.0.0 to a specific network interface.
# See https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector/blob/main/docs/security-best-practices.md#safeguards-against-denial-of-service-attacksextensions:health_check: receivers: #接收器otlp:protocols:grpc:endpoint: 127.0.0.1:4317processors:batch:send_batch_size: 100filter:metric_conditions: #删除无用的指标- conditions:- metric.name == "http.client.request.duration"- IsMatch(metric.name, "http.server.request.duration.*")resource: #删除无用的资源属性attributes:- key: os.typeaction: delete- key: os.versionaction: delete- key: process.command_lineaction: delete- key: process.executable.pathaction: delete- key: process.runtime.descriptionaction: delete- key: process.runtime.nameaction: delete- key: process.runtime.versionaction: delete- key: telemetry.distro.nameaction: delete- key: telemetry.sdk.languageaction: delete- key: telemetry.distro.versionaction: delete- key: telemetry.sdk.nameaction: delete- key: telemetry.sdk.versionaction: delete
exporters: #导出器debug:verbosity: basicsampling_initial: 5sampling_thereafter: 200otlp_grpc:endpoint: http://127.0.0.1:4318sending_queue:queue_size: 100timeout: 20stls:insecure: trueotlp_http:endpoint: https://loki/otlpheaders:authorization: "xxx"X-Scope-OrgID: "yuanqu_zs"otlp_grpc/tmpo:endpoint: https://tmpoheaders:authorization: "xxx"prometheusremotewrite:endpoint: "https://prometheus/api/v1/write"resource_to_telemetry_conversion:enabled: false # Convert resource attributes to metric labelsheaders:authorization: "xxx"service:telemetry:metrics:level: none#telemetry:#logs:#level: debugpipelines: #管道traces:receivers: [otlp]processors: [resource,batch]exporters: [otlp_grpc/tmpo]metrics:receivers: [otlp]processors: [filter,resource,batch]exporters: [prometheusremotewrite]logs:receivers: [otlp]processors: [resource,batch]exporters: [otlp_http]extensions: [health_check]