【git】-- 远程操作

4. 远程操作

Git是一个分布式版本控制系统。

4.1 克隆远程仓库

4.1.1 HTTPS

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~# git clone https://gitee.com/pepper-cloth/remote-gitcode.gitCloning into'remote-gitcode'... remote: Enumerating objects:7, done. remote: Counting objects:100%(7/7), done. remote: Compressing objects:100%(7/7), done. remote: Total7(delta0), reused0(delta0), pack-reused0(from0)Receiving objects:100%(7/7), done.

4.1.2 SSH

1. 第一步：创建SSHKey。
   在用户主目录下，看看有没有.ssh目录，如果有，再看看这个目录下有没有id_rsa 和 id_rsa.pub 这两个文件，如果已经有了，可直接跳到下一步。
   如果没有，需要创建SSH Key：
   邮箱需要和码云上的邮箱保持一致
   

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/.ssh# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "1186710125@qq.com"Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enterfileinwhichto save the key(/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase(emptyforno passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been savedin/root/.ssh/id_rsa Your public key has been savedin/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub The key fingerprint is: SHA256:RkjtuKVEOXYXwhGfQLHyTo9rGmElz39ImVTwe81bTvQ1186710125@qq.com The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA3072]----+|.=B+oo.||.=.+=.+||o+=+.+..||oOo. o.+.||.o+S +..E||.o==..oo||.o +...||....||.o.|+----[SHA256]-----+ root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/.ssh# laauthorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub

2. 添加公钥到远程仓库

获取公钥：

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/.ssh# laauthorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/.ssh# cat id_rsa.pubssh-rsa 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1186710125@qq.com

添加：

3. 克隆

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~# git clone git@gitee.com:pepper-cloth/remote-gitcode.gitCloning into'remote-gitcode'... The authenticity ofhost'gitee.com (180.76.198.225)'can't be established. ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:+ULzij2u99B9eWYFTw1Q4ErYG/aepHLbu96PAUCoV88. This key is not known by any other names. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes Warning: Permanently added 'gitee.com'(ED25519)to the list of known hosts. remote: Enumerating objects:7, done. remote: Counting objects:100%(7/7), done. remote: Compressing objects:100%(7/7), done. remote: Total7(delta0), reused0(delta0), pack-reused0(from0)Receiving objects:100%(7/7), done. root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~# lsget-docker.sh gitcode remote-gitcode

5. 检查用户名和邮箱
   本地仓库配置中的用户名和邮箱需要和码云平台上的配置一模一样。

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git config -luser.name=cuckoouser.email=buxinyu163@163.comcore.repositoryformatversion=0core.filemode=truecore.bare=falsecore.logallrefupdates=trueremote.origin.url=git@gitee.com:pepper-cloth/remote-gitcode.gitremote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*branch.master.remote=originbranch.master.merge=refs/heads/master root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git config --global user.name "pepper-cloth"root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git config --global user.email "1186710125@qq.com"root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git config -luser.name=pepper-clothuser.email=1186710125@qq.comcore.repositoryformatversion=0core.filemode=truecore.bare=falsecore.logallrefupdates=trueremote.origin.url=git@gitee.com:pepper-cloth/remote-gitcode.gitremote.origin.fetch=+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*branch.master.remote=originbranch.master.merge=refs/heads/master

4.2 查看远程仓库

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git remoteorigin

origin：是远程仓库的默认名。

查看远程仓库更详细的信息：

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git remote -vorigin https://gitee.com/pepper-cloth/remote-gitcode.git(fetch)origin https://gitee.com/pepper-cloth/remote-gitcode.git(push)

4.3 推送到远程仓库

将本地仓库中的某一个分支下的内容，推送到远程仓库中的对应分支下。

gitpush origin 本地分支名:远程分支名

如果本地分支名和远程分支名一致的话，可以省略git push origin 分支名。

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# touch file.txtroot@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# vim file.txtroot@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# cat file.txthellogitroot@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git add .root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git commit -m "add file.txt"[master f4179bf]addfile.txt1filechanged,1insertion(+)create mode100644file.txt root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git push origin master:masterTotal0(delta0), reused0(delta0), pack-reused0remote: Powered by GITEE.COM[1.1.23]remote: Set trace flag 0c4f9e90 To gitee.com:pepper-cloth/remote-gitcode.git f59a47a..f4179bf master ->master

4.4 拉取远程仓库

假设现在有其他的小伙伴进行了修改，我们需要拉取远程仓库中的内容。

4.4.1 方式1

拉取命令：git pull origin 远程分支名:本地分支名，同样，如果一样，可以省略。

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# cat file.txthellogitroot@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git pull origin masterremote: Enumerating objects:5, done. remote: Counting objects:100%(5/5), done. remote: Compressing objects:100%(2/2), done. remote: Total3(delta1), reused0(delta0), pack-reused0(from0)Unpacking objects:100%(3/3),947bytes|947.00KiB/s, done. From gitee.com:pepper-cloth/remote-gitcode * branch master ->FETCH_HEAD f4179bf..300659b master ->origin/master Updating f4179bf..300659b Fast-forward file.txt|1+1filechanged,1insertion(+)root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# cat file.txthellogithello world

4.4.2 方式2

直接使用git pull命令进行拉取，拉取远程仓库的所有内容。

4.5 忽略特殊文件

我们会有并不想将某些文件提交到远程仓库中的需求。只需要在git工作区的根目录下创建一个.gitignore文件，然后把要忽略的文件名填进去，Git就会自动忽略这些文件了。

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# vim .gitignoreroot@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# lafile.txt .git .gitee .gitignore README.en.md README.md root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# cat .gitignore# 可以直接写文件名# 忽略所有以 .so & .ini 结尾的文件*.so *.ini# 不排除b.so文件!b.so

强制提交被忽略的文件：git add -f 文件名

4.6 配置命令的别名

配置：git config --global alias.别名 原来的命令。加了global表示是全局都生效。

比如：将git status简化成git st：

root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git statusOn branch master Your branch is up todatewith'origin/master'.nothing to commit, working tree clean root@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git config --global alias.st statusroot@VM-0-3-ubuntu:~/remote-gitcode# git stOn branch master Your branch is up todatewith'origin/master'.nothing to commit, working tree clean

简化完之后，原来完整的命名依旧生效。