VScode cmake mingw 使用opencv调用笔记本摄像头进行人脸识别，并生成动态库、静态库

环境

• 操作系统: Windows 11
• GLFW 版本: 3.4，该功能不用
• Boost 版本: 1.81.0，该功能不用
• GCC 版本: Qt5.14.2_mingw730_64_gcc
• CMake 版本: 3.26.3
• VScode 版本: 1.110.0

项目概述

一个基于C++14+CMake 3.15的跨平台计算机视觉应用，集成OpenCV库、Boost库、GLFW库三大库。编译器使用 Qt5.14.2 中的MinGW 7.3.0 x86_64。

workspace目录树

template_opencv/ ├── CMakeLists.txt # 根构建脚本（项目入口） ├── main.cpp # 程序入口 main() │ ├── inc/ # 公共头文件 │ ├── add.hpp # addFun() 声明 │ ├── hello.hpp # helloFun() 声明 │ └── pic_capture.hpp # 视频采集 + 人脸检测函数声明 │ ├── src/ # 源文件 + 子构建脚本 │ ├── CMakeLists.txt # lib 库构建（静态/动态） │ ├── add.cpp # addFun() 实现 │ ├── hello.cpp # helloFun() 实现 │ └── pic_capture.cpp # 摄像头采集、人脸检测实现 │ ├── lib/ # 输出库 + 第三方 .dll │ ├── libir_distance_measure_dynamic.dll │ └── libir_distance_measure_dynamic.dll.a │ ├── bin/ # 可执行文件输出（自动生成） │ └── result.exe │ ├── build/ # CMake 构建产物/中间文件 │ ├── CMakeCache.txt │ ├── Makefile │ ├── compile_commands.json │ └── ... (CMakeFiles, 中间目标文件等) │ └── .vscode/ # IDE 配置 ├── settings.json # CMake 工具链配置 ├── tasks.json # 构建任务（cmake → make） └── launch.json # GDB 调试启动配置

模块分层

┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ main.cpp 入口 │ │ face_detect_demo() / pic_capture() 等 │ └──────────────┬──────────────────────────┘ │ 调用 ┌──────────▼──────────┐ │ inc/ 公共头文件 │ │ add / hello / │ │ pic_capture │ └──────────┬──────────┘ │ 实现 ┌──────────▼──────────┐ │ src/ 源文件 │ │ add.cpp │ │ hello.cpp │ │ pic_capture.cpp │ └──────────┬──────────┘ │ CMake 构建 ┌──────────▼──────────────────────────┐ │ src/CMakeLists.txt │ │ ├─ BUILD_UTILS_AS_SHARED=ON │ │ │ → ir_distance_measure_dynamic │ │ └─ BUILD_UTILS_AS_SHARED=OFF(默认) │ │ → ir_distance_measure_static │ └──────────┬──────────────────────────┘ │ link ┌──────────▼──────────┐ │ bin/result.exe │ ← 最终可执行文件 └─────────────────────┘

构建流程

.vscode/tasks.json "Build" 任务 │ ├─(1)─ "cmake" ──→ cmake .. (在 build/ 中配置) │ 读取根 CMakeLists.txt → 含子目录 src/ │ 查找 OpenCV / Boost / GLFW │ └─(2)─ "make" ──→ mingw32-make (编译+链接) │ ├─ src/ → libir_distance_measure_static.a (或 .dll) └─ main.cpp → bin/result.exe │ (POST_BUILD) └─ 复制 libopencv_world*.dll 到 bin/

第三方依赖

注：测试功能未用到boost库、GLFW库。

关键配置说明

• BUILD_UTILS_AS_SHARED（CMake option）：控制库编译为动态库还是静态库，默认OFF（静态）
• EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH：可执行文件输出至${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin
• LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH：库文件输出至${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib
• VSCode 调试：入口bin/result.exe，使用gdb.exe调试器
• POST_BUILD 钩子：构建后自动将 OpenCV DLL 复制到bin/，确保运行时能找到动态库

源码

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) project(Hex2DEC) set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14) option(BUILD_UTILS_AS_SHARED "Build utils as shared library" OFF) set(OpenCV_DIR "C:/software/opencv-4.11.0-mingw73/x64/mingw/lib") find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED) if (OpenCV_FOUND) message(STATUS "OpenCV library status:") message(STATUS " OpenCV version: ${OpenCV_VERSION}") message(STATUS " OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}") message(STATUS " OpenCV_LIBRARIES: ${OpenCV_LIBS}") else () message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find OpenCV") endif () # 设置Boost库的根目录（应指吿 Boost 的安装根目录) set(BOOST_ROOT "C:/software/boost_1_81_0") #设置不适用系统的的boost的库 set(BOOST_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS ON) # 设置使用静态的boost庿 set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON) # 指定库架构为x64 set(Boost_ARCHITECTURE "-x64") if(POLICY CMP0144 OR POLICY CMP0144) cmake_policy(SET CMP0144 NEW) cmake_policy(SET CMP0167 NEW) endif() find_package(Boost COMPONENTS math_c99 thread system REQUIRED) include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}) # 包含Boost库的头文件目录 #如果已经找到 if(Boost_FOUND) message(STATUS "Boost library status:") message(STATUS " Boost version: ${Boost_VERSION}") message(STATUS " Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}") message(STATUS " Boost_LIBRARIES: ${Boost_LIBRARIES}") message(STATUS " Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS}") else () message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find Boost") endif () # 查找GLFW库 # 如果找不到系统安装的GLFW，可以使用以下方式手动指定路径 set(glfw3_DIR "C:/software/GLFW/lib/cmake/glfw3") set(GLFW_INCLUDE_DIRS "C:/software/GLFW/include") set(GLFW_LIBRARIES "C:/software/GLFW/lib/libglfw3.a") find_package(glfw3 3.4 REQUIRED) if(glfw3_FOUND) message(STATUS "glfw3 library status:") message(STATUS " glfw3 version: ${glfw3_VERSION}") message(STATUS " glfw3 INCLUDE_DIRS: ${GLFW_INCLUDE_DIRS}") message(STATUS " glfw3 LIBRARIES: ${GLFW_LIBRARIES}") else () message(FATAL_ERROR "Could not find glfw3") endif () # 根目录/代码路径 aux_source_directory(. DIR_MAIN) #将可执行文件输出到文件夹bin set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin) # 设置安装库文件和头文件的路径 set(CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/build/install) # 包含头文件所在目彿 include_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/inc" ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${GLFW_INCLUDE_DIRS} ) # 包含源文件所在目彿 add_subdirectory(src) # 链接hellolib库，注意下面子目录src的CMakeLists link_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib" ${OpenCV_LIBRARIES} ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${GLFW_LIBRARIES} ) add_executable(result main.cpp) if(BUILD_UTILS_AS_SHARED) target_link_libraries(result ir_distance_measure_dynamic ${OpenCV_LIBS} ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ) else() target_link_libraries(result ir_distance_measure_static ${OpenCV_LIBS} ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ) endif() if(TARGET ir_distance_measure_dynamic) install(TARGETS ir_distance_measure_dynamic DESTINATION ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}) endif() if(TARGET ir_distance_measure_static) install(TARGETS ir_distance_measure_static DESTINATION ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}) endif() # 构建后自动将 OpenCV DLL 复制到可执行文件所在目录 (bin/) add_custom_command(TARGET result POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different "${OpenCV_DIR}/../bin/libopencv_world4120.dll" $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:result> COMMENT "Copying OpenCV DLL to binary directory" )

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) # generate lib SET(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib) aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRC) if(BUILD_UTILS_AS_SHARED) add_library(ir_distance_measure_dynamic SHARED ${DIR_SRC}) target_link_libraries(ir_distance_measure_dynamic ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${OpenCV_LIBS}) target_include_directories(ir_distance_measure_dynamic PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/inc ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} ) # 设置动态库版本 set_target_properties(ir_distance_measure_dynamic PROPERTIES VERSION 1.2.3 SOVERSION 1 ) else() add_library(ir_distance_measure_static STATIC ${DIR_SRC}) target_include_directories(ir_distance_measure_static PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/inc) endif() # make install头文件 install(DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/inc/ DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/inc ) # make install库文件 install(DIRECTORY ${LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH} DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} )

源文件

#include "pic_capture.hpp" #include "GLFW/glfw3.h" int main(){ face_detect_demo(); return 0; }

#include "pic_capture.hpp" void rectangle_generate(cv::Mat _frame, int x, int y, int length, int height){ cv::rectangle(_frame, cv::Point(x-length/2, y-height/2), cv::Point(x+length/2, y+height/2), cv::Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2); // 绿色矩形框 // cv::putText(_frame, // "Hello OpenCV", // cv::Point(50, 50), // cv::FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, // 1, // cv::Scalar(0, 0, 255), // 2); // 文本信息 } int pic_capture() { std::cout << "Running video_processing demo..." << std::endl; cv::VideoCapture cap(0, cv::CAP_ANY); if (!cap.isOpened()) { std::cerr << "Error: Could not open camera." << std::endl; return 0; } cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 1280); cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 720); cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FPS, 50); cv::namedWindow("Live", cv::WINDOW_NORMAL); cv::resizeWindow("Live", 1280, 720); cv::Mat frame; while (true) { if (!cap.read(frame)) break; if (frame.empty()) continue; // 在帧上绘制矩形图框 rectangle_generate(frame, 1280/2, 720/2, 50, 100); rectangle_generate(frame, 650, 300, 100, 100); rectangle_generate(frame, 500, 300, 100, 100); cv::imshow("Live", frame); if (cv::waitKey(1) == 27) break; } cap.release(); cv::destroyAllWindows(); return 0; } void face_detect_demo(){ // 加载人脸检测器模型 cv::CascadeClassifier face_cascade; if(!face_cascade.load("C:/software/opencv-4.11.0-mingw73/etc/haarcascades/haarcascade_frontalface_alt.xml")){ std::cerr << "Error loading face cascade model!" << std::endl; return; } // 在这里添加进行人脸检测的代码 // 例如，可以在摄像头捕获的每一帧上运行人脸检测 std::cout << "Running video_processing demo..." << std::endl; cv::VideoCapture cap(0, cv::CAP_ANY); if (!cap.isOpened()){ std::cerr << "Error: Could not open camera." << std::endl; } cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 1280); cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 720); cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FPS, 50); cv::namedWindow("Face Detection Demo", cv::WINDOW_NORMAL); cv::resizeWindow("Face Detection Demo", 1280, 720); cv::Mat frame; while (cap.read(frame)){ // 转换图像为灰度图 cv::Mat gray; cv::cvtColor(frame, gray, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY); // cv::imshow("gray Demo", gray); cv::equalizeHist(gray, gray); // 直方图均衡化提高对比度 // cv::imshow("equalizeHist gray Demo", gray); //进行双边滤波 cv::Mat dst; cv::bilateralFilter(gray, dst, 20, 150, 150); // 进行人脸检测 std::vector<cv::Rect> faces; face_cascade.detectMultiScale(dst, faces, 1.1, 3, 0, cv::Size(30, 30)); // 在图像上标记检测到的人脸 for (const auto& face : faces){ cv::rectangle(frame, face, cv::Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2); // 用蓝色矩形标记人脸 } // 显示结果 cv::imshow("Face Detection Demo", frame); // 检测按键，按下ESC键退出循环 if (cv::waitKey(30) == 27){ break; } } cap.release(); // 释放摄像头 cv::destroyAllWindows(); // 销毁所有窗口 }

#ifndef _PIC_CAPTURE_H #define _PIC_CAPTURE_H #include <iostream> #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp> void rectangle_generate(cv::Mat _frame, int x, int y, int length, int height); int pic_capture(); void face_detect_demo(); #endif

配置文件

{ // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。 // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387 "version": "0.2.0", "configurations": [ { "name": "(gdb) Launch", "type": "cppdbg", "request": "launch", "program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/result.exe", // 待调试的程序目录 "args": [], // 程序输入参数 "stopAtEntry": false, "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}", "environment": [], "externalConsole": false, "MIMode": "gdb", "miDebuggerPath": "C:/software/Qt5.14.2/Tools/mingw730_64/bin/gdb.exe", // gdb.exe 目录 "setupCommands": [ { "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb", "text": "-enable-pretty-printing", "ignoreFailures": true }, { "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel", "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel", "ignoreFailures": true } ] } ] }

{ "cmake.configureOnOpen": true, // "cmake.cmakePath": "C:/software/mingw64/bin/cmake.exe", // "cmake.additionalCompilerSearchDirs": ["C:/software/mingw64/bin"], "cmake.cmakePath": "C:/software/CMake/bin/cmake.exe", "cmake.additionalCompilerSearchDirs": ["C:/software/Qt5.14.2/Tools/mingw730_64/bin"], "cmake.generator": "MinGW Makefiles", "files.associations": { "iomanip": "cpp", "limits": "cpp", "chrono": "cpp", "array": "cpp", "atomic": "cpp", "strstream": "cpp", "bitset": "cpp", "cctype": "cpp", "cfenv": "cpp", "clocale": "cpp", "cmath": "cpp", "complex": "cpp", "condition_variable": "cpp", "cstdarg": "cpp", "cstddef": "cpp", "cstdint": "cpp", "cstdio": "cpp", "cstdlib": "cpp", "cstring": "cpp", "ctime": "cpp", "cwchar": "cpp", "cwctype": "cpp", "deque": "cpp", "list": "cpp", "unordered_map": "cpp", "vector": "cpp", "exception": "cpp", "algorithm": "cpp", "functional": "cpp", "iterator": "cpp", "map": "cpp", "memory": "cpp", "memory_resource": "cpp", "optional": "cpp", "ratio": "cpp", "set": "cpp", "source_location": "cpp", "string": "cpp", "string_view": "cpp", "system_error": "cpp", "tuple": "cpp", "type_traits": "cpp", "utility": "cpp", "fstream": "cpp", "initializer_list": "cpp", "iosfwd": "cpp", "iostream": "cpp", "istream": "cpp", "mutex": "cpp", "new": "cpp", "ostream": "cpp", "sstream": "cpp", "stdexcept": "cpp", "streambuf": "cpp", "thread": "cpp", "cinttypes": "cpp", "typeindex": "cpp", "typeinfo": "cpp", "variant": "cpp" } }

{ // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558 // for the documentation about the tasks.json format "version": "2.0.0", "options": { "cwd":"${workspaceFolder}/build" }, "tasks": [ { "label": "cmake", "type": "shell", "command": "cmake", "args":[ ".." ] }, { "label":"make", "group":{ "kind": "build", "isDefault": true }, "command":"make", "args": [ ] }, { "label":"Build", "dependsOrder": "sequence", "dependsOn":[ "cmake", "make" ] } ] }

编译步骤

根据情况配置编译器：ctrl+shift+p，选Cmake:Configure，选择GBD。
cmake与make参考：

• 打开终端，进入workspace根目录。
• 进行如下操作：

cd build // 生成动态库 cmake -DBUILD_UTILS_AS_SHARED=ON .. 或者 // 生成静态库 cmake -DBUILD_UTILS_AS_SHARED=OFF .. mingw32-make mingw32-make install ..\bin\result.exe

源码连接

源码链接
GLFW库
opencv-4.11.0-mingw73库
boost库