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Three.js 飞线效果教程

news 2026/7/18 13:39:26

飞线效果 ·Fly Line· ▶ 在线运行案例

案例合集：三维可视化功能案例（threehub.cn）
开源仓库github地址：https://github.com/z2586300277/three-cesium-examples
400个案例代码:网盘链接

你将学到什么

ShaderMaterial 自定义着色器实现核心视觉效果
OrbitControls 相机轨道交互
THREE.Points 粒子点渲染
CubicBezierCurve3 三次贝塞尔曲线
BufferGeometry 自定义顶点/索引数据
requestAnimationFrame渲染循环与resize自适应

效果说明

本案例演示飞线效果效果：基于 WebGL 实现「飞线效果」可视化效果，附完整可运行源码；核心用到 ShaderMaterial、OrbitControls、THREE.Points。建议先打开文首在线案例查看动态画面，再对照下方源码逐步理解。

核心概念

Scene / Camera / WebGLRenderer构成最小渲染闭环；大场景可开logarithmicDepthBuffer缓解 Z-fighting。
ShaderMaterial通过uniforms+ 自定义 GLSL 控制逐像素/逐点效果；透明粒子常配合depthTest: false。
OrbitControls提供轨道旋转/缩放；开启enableDamping后需在 animate 中controls.update()。
THREE.Points将每个顶点渲染为可控大小的粒子；可用自定义 attribute（如u_index）驱动片元/顶点动画。
曲线类getPoints(n)将贝塞尔/样条离散为路径点，再写入 BufferGeometry 驱动飞线或路径动画。

实现步骤

搭建 Scene、PerspectiveCamera、WebGLRenderer，挂载 canvas 并处理resize
定义 uniforms / onBeforeCompile 或 ShaderMaterial，编写 GLSL 与材质参数
用曲线离散点构建 BufferGeometry，写入自定义 attribute 驱动动画
创建 OrbitControls（及 Raycaster 等交互控件，若源码包含）
在requestAnimationFrame循环中更新状态并 render（Cesium 为viewer.render或自动渲染）

代码要点

import * as THREE from 'three';import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js' import Stats from 'three/examples/jsm/libs/stats.module.js';
var renderer,clock,scene,camera; function initRender() { clock = new THREE.Clock(); renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({antialias: true,alpha:true}); renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight); document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement); }
function initCamera() { camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(85, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000); camera.position.set(-200, 250, 350); camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0)); }
function initScene() { scene = new THREE.Scene();
}
function initLight() { var hemisphereLight1 = new THREE.HemisphereLight(0xffffff, 0x444444, 2); hemisphereLight1.position.set(0, 200, 0); scene.add(hemisphereLight1); }
var linegroup = []; function addflyline(minx,maxx,colorf,colort){ var colorf = colorf||{ r:0.0, g:0.0, b:0.0 }; var colort = colort||{ r:1.0, g:1.0, b:1.0 }; var curve = new THREE.CubicBezierCurve3( new THREE.Vector3( minx, 0, minx ), new THREE.Vector3( minx/2, maxx % 70 + 100, maxx/2 ), new THREE.Vector3( maxx/2, maxx % 70 + 70, maxx/2 ), new THREE.Vector3( maxx, 0, maxx ) ); var points = curve.getPoints( (maxx - minx) * 5 ); var geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints( points ); var material = createMaterial(); var flyline = new THREE.Points( geometry, material ); flyline.material.uniforms.time.value = minx; flyline.material.uniforms.colorf = { type:'v3', value:new THREE.Vector3(colorf.r,colorf.g,colorf.b) }; flyline.material.uniforms.colort = { type:'v3', value:new THREE.Vector3(colort.r,colort.g,colort.b) };
flyline.minx = minx; flyline.maxx = maxx; linegroup.push(flyline); scene.add(flyline); }
// 添加地球 var globeMesh; function addglobe() { var axesHelper = new THREE.AxesHelper( 400 ); scene.add( axesHelper ); var globeTextureLoader = new THREE.TextureLoader(); globeTextureLoader.load(FILE_HOST + 'threeExamples/application/flyLine/earth.jpeg', function (texture1) { console.log(texture1) var globeGgeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(60, 100, 100); var globeMaterial = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({map: texture1}); globeMesh = new THREE.Mesh(globeGgeometry, globeMaterial); scene.add(globeMesh); }); }
//创建ShaderMaterial纹理的函数 function createMaterial() { var vertShader =uniform float time; uniform float size; varying vec3 iPosition;void main(){ iPosition = vec3(position); float pointsize = 1.; if(position.x > time && position.x < (time + size)){ pointsize = (position.x - time) / size; } gl_PointSize = pointsize * 3.0; gl_Position = projectionMatrixmodelViewMatrixvec4(position,1.0); }var fragShader =uniform float time; uniform float size; uniform vec3 colorf; uniform vec3 colort;
varying vec3 iPosition;
void main( void ) { float end = time + size; vec4 color; if(iPosition.x > end || iPosition.x < time){ discard; //color = vec4(0.213,0.424,0.634,0.3); }else if(iPosition.x > time && iPosition.x < end){ float step = fract((iPosition.x - time)/size);
float dr = abs(colort.x - colorf.x); float dg = abs(colort.y - colorf.y); float db = abs(colort.z - colorf.z);
float r = colort.x > colorf.x?(drstep+colorf.x):(colorf.x -drstep); float g = colort.y > colorf.y?(dgstep+colorf.y):(colorf.y -dgstep); float b = colort.z > colorf.z?(dbstep+colorf.z):(colorf.z -dbstep);color = vec4(r,g,b,1.0); } float d = distance(gl_PointCoord, vec2(0.5, 0.5)); if(abs(iPosition.x - end) < 0.2 || abs(iPosition.x - time) < 0.2){ if(d > 0.5){ discard; } } gl_FragColor = color; }
//配置着色器里面的attribute变量的值 var attributes = {}; //配置着色器里面的uniform变量的值 var uniforms = { time: {type: 'f', value: -70.0}, size:{type:'f',value:25.0}, };
var meshMaterial = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({ uniforms: uniforms, defaultAttributeValues : attributes, vertexShader: vertShader, fragmentShader: fragShader, transparent: true });
return meshMaterial; }
//初始化性能插件 var stats; function initStats() { stats = new Stats(); document.body.appendChild(stats.dom); } //用户交互插件 鼠标左键按住旋转，右键按住平移，滚轮缩放 var controls; function initControls() { controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement); // 如果使用animate方法时，将此函数删除 //controls.addEventListener( 'change', render ); // 使动画循环使用时阻尼或自转 意思是否有惯性 controls.enableDamping = true; //动态阻尼系数 就是鼠标拖拽旋转灵敏度 //controls.dampingFactor = 0.25; //是否可以缩放 controls.enableZoom = true; //是否自动旋转 controls.autoRotate = false; controls.autoRotateSpeed = 3; //设置相机距离原点的最远距离 controls.minDistance = 1; //设置相机距离原点的最远距离 controls.maxDistance = 200; //是否开启右键拖拽 controls.enablePan = true; } function render() { var delta = clock.getDelta(); if(globeMesh){ globeMesh.rotation.x += 0.01; globeMesh.rotation.y += 0.02; }
if(linegroup.length){ for(var i = 0;i flyline.maxx){ flyline.material.uniforms.time.value = flyline.minx - size; } flyline.material.uniforms.time.value += 1.0; } } } renderer.render(scene, camera); } function animate() { //更新控制器 render(); //更新性能插件 stats.update(); controls.update(); requestAnimationFrame(animate); }
function randomNum(minNum,maxNum){ switch(arguments.length){ case 1: return parseInt(Math.random()*minNum+1,10); break; case 2: return parseInt(Math.random()*(maxNum-minNum+1)+minNum,10); break; default: return 0; break; } } function draw() { initScene(); initCamera(); initLight(); initRender(); initControls(); initStats(); for(var j = 0;j< 200;j++){ var start = randomNum(-3000,-700)/10; var end = randomNum(700,3000)/10;
var fr = randomNum(100,1000)/1000; var fg = randomNum(100,1000)/1000; var fb = randomNum(100,1000)/1000;
var tr = randomNum(100,1000)/1000; var tg = randomNum(100,1000)/1000; var tb = randomNum(100,1000)/1000;
addflyline(start,end,{r:fr,g:fg,b:fb},{r:tr,g:tg,b:tb}); } addglobe();
animate(); } draw();