Milvus 向量数据库的安装和启动

Milvus 是一个高性能的开源向量数据库 ，广泛应用于RAG系统向量检索。安装 Milvus 的方法有多种，包括Docker 安装、源码安装和二进制文件安装。本文主要讲基于docker的安装方法。

前置准备：

1.安装了 Docker 和 Docker Compose。

可以通过以下命令检查是否安装了 Docker 和 Docker Compose：

docker --version docker-compose --version

2.下载官方的docker-compose.yml文件

Releases · milvus-io/milvus

3.拉取镜像并启动服务

root@cyz:~# docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d

4. 记录一次踩坑经历

由于原本环境启用了minio服务，导致milvus自带的minio服务总是启动不起来，停掉原来的minio也总是报错（估计是两个minio服务的配置文件冲突了）：

于是删除原有的minio容器和镜像，并重新拉起服务

root@cyz:~# docker-compose down Stopping milvus-standalone ... done Stopping milvus-etcd ... done Removing milvus-standalone ... done Removing milvus-etcd ... done Removing 0c613052b8e3_milvus-minio ... done Removing network milvus root@cyz:~# root@cyz:~# sudo rm -rf ./volumes/minio root@cyz:~# total 104 drwx------ 9 root root 4096 Apr 1 10:37 ./ drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 Apr 1 09:54 ../ -rw------- 1 root root 147 Mar 30 09:16 .Xauthority -rw------- 1 root root 22412 Mar 27 17:18 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3180 Feb 13 14:15 .bashrc drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Feb 2 09:24 .cache/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 13 14:16 .config/ drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Feb 3 10:20 .docker/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 30 09:16 .motd_shown drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Feb 13 11:30 .npm/ drwx------ 11 root root 4096 Feb 13 15:53 .openclaw/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 161 Jul 9 2019 .profile -rw------- 1 root root 7 Feb 2 11:37 .python_history drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Feb 13 12:07 .ssh/ -rw------- 1 root docker 13067 Apr 1 10:37 .viminfo -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 215 Mar 30 14:21 .wget-hsts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1790 Apr 1 10:40 docker-compose.yml drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 1 10:45 volumes/ root@cyz:~# docker-compose up -d Creating network "milvus" with the default driver Creating milvus-etcd ... done Creating milvus-minio ... done Creating milvus-standalone ... done

5.设置密码

步骤 1：下载milvus.yaml配置文件

在服务器上（与docker-compose.yml同级目录/root下）执行：

cd /root wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/milvus-io/milvus/v2.6.10/configs/milvus.yaml

步骤 2：修改milvus.yaml开启认证

用编辑器打开milvus.yaml，找到common.security部分，修改如下：

common: security: authorizationEnabled: true # 改为 true，开启认证

说明：开启认证后，Milvus 会自动创建一个默认超级用户：
• 用户名：root
• 密码：Milvus
你可以在成功连接后，用代码修改此默认密码或创建新用户。

步骤 3：修改docker-compose.yml挂载配置文件

在standalone服务的volumes中，新增一行挂载刚才下载并修改的milvus.yaml：

version: '3.5' services: etcd: container_name: milvus-etcd image: quay.io/coreos/etcd:v3.5.25 environment: - ETCD_AUTO_COMPACTION_MODE=revision - ETCD_AUTO_COMPACTION_RETENTION=1000 - ETCD_QUOTA_BACKEND_BYTES=4294967296 - ETCD_SNAPSHOT_COUNT=50000 volumes: - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_DIRECTORY:-.}/volumes/etcd:/etcd command: etcd -advertise-client-urls=http://etcd:2379 -listen-client-urls http://0.0.0.0:2379 --data-dir /etcd healthcheck: test: ["CMD", "etcdctl", "endpoint", "health"] interval: 30s timeout: 20s retries: 3 minio: container_name: milvus-minio image: minio/minio:RELEASE.2024-12-18T13-15-44Z environment: MINIO_ACCESS_KEY: minioadmin MINIO_SECRET_KEY: minioadmin ports: - "9001:9001" - "9000:9000" volumes: - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_DIRECTORY:-.}/volumes/minio:/minio_data command: minio server /minio_data --console-address ":9001" healthcheck: test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:9000/minio/health/live"] interval: 30s timeout: 20s retries: 3 standalone: container_name: milvus-standalone image: milvusdb/milvus:v2.6.10 command: ["milvus", "run", "standalone"] security_opt: - seccomp:unconfined environment: ETCD_ENDPOINTS: etcd:2379 MINIO_ADDRESS: minio:9000 MQ_TYPE: woodpecker volumes: - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_DIRECTORY:-.}/volumes/milvus:/var/lib/milvus - ./milvus.yaml:/milvus/configs/milvus.yaml # 新增这一行 healthcheck: test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:9091/healthz"] interval: 30s start_period: 90s timeout: 20s retries: 3 ports: - "19530:19530" - "9091:9091" depends_on: - "etcd" - "minio" networks: default: name: milvus

步骤 4：重启 Milvus 服务

cd /root docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml down docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d

6：更新密码

from pymilvus import connections, update_password def connect_milvus(): """连接 Milvus 服务器并修改密码""" import pymilvus print("当前 pymilvus 版本:", pymilvus.__version__) try: # 1. 使用默认账号密码进行连接 connections.connect( alias="default", host="xxxxxxx", # 你的服务器公网IP port="19530", user="root", # 默认用户名 password="Milvus" # 默认密码 ) print("Milvus 连接成功") # 2. 修改密码 update_password( user="root", # 要修改密码的用户名 old_password="Milvus", # 旧密码 new_password="YourNewPassword123" # 在这里写你想要设置的新密码 ) print("密码修改成功！") except Exception as e: print(f"操作失败: {e}") connect_milvus()