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consul-server端的启动与监控

news 2026/4/26 1:20:32

一、使用consu-server来做服务发现动态管理每个节点的node_exporter

wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/consul/1.15.4/consul_1.15.4_linux_amd64.zip
unzip consul_1.15.4_linux_amd64.zip
mv consul /usr/local/bin/
consul version 
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin consul
mkdir -p /etc/consul.d /opt/consul/data
chown -R consul:consul /opt/consul /etc/consul.d

配置启动文件

cat > /etc/consul.d/server.hcl <<'EOF'
datacenter = "dc1"
node_name  = "consul_server_BJ"
server     = true
bootstrap_expect = 1
client_addr = "0.0.0.0"
#bind_addr   = "{{ GetInterfaceIP \"eth0\" }}"   # 自动取 eth0 IP，也可手动写
bind_addr   = "192.168.70.15"
data_dir    = "/opt/consul/data"
ui          = true
ports {http = 8500
}
EOF

写成systemd服务

cat > /etc/systemd/system/consul.service <<'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Consul Service Discovery
After=network.target[Service]
User=consul
Group=consul
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/consul agent -config-dir=/etc/consul.d
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s
LimitNOFILE=65536[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now consul
systemctl status consul -l

访问页面：http://192.168.70.15:8500

给node_expoter配置的在线模板服务发现示例：

{"service": {"name": "node-exporter","tags": ["prometheus", "node-exporter", "metrics"],"port": 9100,"meta": {"metrics_path": "/metrics","scheme": "http","job": "node0000747"},"check": {"name": "node-exporter-health","http": "http://localhost:9100/metrics","interval": "30s","timeout": "5s"}}
}

二、对于consul-server的监控，即补充通过curlAPI的方式获取到他的成员，然后写入到一个文件，让node_exporter去读取

1、在 Consul Server 上部署脚本创建/usr/local/bin/consul_members_exporter.sh

#!/bin/bash
# 通过 Consul API 获取成员状态，生成 Prometheus 格式指标OUTPUT_DIR="/var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector"
OUTPUT_FILE="$OUTPUT_DIR/consul_members.prom"mkdir -p $OUTPUT_DIR# 写入指标头
cat > $OUTPUT_FILE << 'EOF'
# HELP consul_serf_lan_member_status Serf LAN member status: 1=alive, 2=leaving, 3=left, 4=failed
# TYPE consul_serf_lan_member_status gauge
EOF# 调用 API 获取成员列表，生成指标
curl -s http://127.0.0.1:8500/v1/agent/members | jq -r '.[] | "consul_serf_lan_member_status{member=\"" + .Name + "\",addr=\"" + .Addr + "\"} " + (.Status | tostring)
' >> $OUTPUT_FILE

# 同时生成成员总数指标
cat >> $OUTPUT_FILE << EOF
# HELP consul_serf_lan_members_total Total number of LAN members
# TYPE consul_serf_lan_members_total gauge
consul_serf_lan_members_total $(curl -s http://127.0.0.1:8500/v1/agent/members | jq 'length')
EOF

赋权并测试：

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/consul_members_exporter.sh
bash /usr/local/bin/consul_members_exporter.sh
cat /var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector/consul_members.prom

加入定时任务

echo '* * * * * root /usr/local/bin/consul_members_exporter.sh > /dev/null 2>&1' > /etc/cron.d/consul-members

node_exporter 加载 textfile

node_exporter --collector.textfile.directory=/var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector

如果是 systemd 管理，修改 /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service：

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter --collector.textfile.directory=/var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart node_exporter

2、Prometheus 采集与告警

Prometheus 自动通过 node_exporter 采集到 consul_serf_lan_member_status。
告警规则：

groups:- name: consul-membersrules:- alert: ConsulNodeNotAliveexpr: consul_serf_lan_member_status != 1for: 1mlabels:severity: criticalannotations:summary: "Consul 节点 {{ $labels.member }} 状态异常"description: "节点 {{ $labels.member }} ({{ $labels.addr }}) 当前状态码为 {{ $value }}，1=alive, 2=leaving, 3=left, 4=failed"