【Matllab代码】不确定风功率接入下电-气互联系统的分布鲁棒机会约束经济分布式优化调度
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🔥 内容介绍
在能源结构调整的大背景下,天然气发电机组凭借其清洁高效的特点,数量逐步增加,使得电力网络与天然气网络的耦合程度不断加深。这种紧密耦合一方面提升了能源综合利用效率,但另一方面,不确定性新能源(如风电)的大规模接入,给电 - 气互联系统的经济安全运行带来诸多挑战。风电功率的随机波动,可能导致电力系统功率失衡,进而影响天然气系统的稳定供气,反之亦然。因此,如何有效应对风电不确定性,实现电 - 气互联系统的协同经济安全运行,成为亟待解决的关键问题。
应对风电不确定性的分布鲁棒机会约束方法
(一)分布鲁棒性概念
分布鲁棒性旨在处理模型中不确定参数的概率分布未知或难以精确估计的情况。在电 - 气互联系统中,风电功率的不确定性使得传统基于精确概率分布的优化方法不再适用。分布鲁棒方法通过构建模糊集来描述不确定参数可能的取值范围,在该模糊集内寻找使系统性能在最坏情况下仍能满足一定要求的最优解,从而增强系统对不确定性的鲁棒性。
(二)基于数据驱动的模糊集构建
- 数据收集与分析
:收集少量的风电预测误差历史数据,这些数据反映了风电实际功率与预测功率之间的偏差情况。通过对这些数据进行统计分析,获取风电预测误差的一些矩信息,如均值、方差等。
- 模糊集形成
:利用这些矩信息构建与风电不确定性相关的模糊集。例如,可以基于切比雪夫不等式或其他概率不等式,以矩信息为基础确定模糊集的边界。该模糊集包含了所有可能的风电功率概率分布,尽管我们不知道其确切形式,但通过模糊集能够对不确定性进行有效界定。
(三)机会约束转化
- 机会约束定义
:机会约束是指在一定概率水平下满足某些约束条件。在电 - 气互联系统中,例如要求在给定的置信水平下,电力系统的功率平衡约束和天然气系统的流量平衡约束等仍能得到满足,尽管存在风电功率的不确定性。
- 转化为可求解形式
:将基于模糊集的机会约束问题通过数学变换转化为易于求解的形式。这通常涉及到利用对偶理论、凸优化等数学工具。例如,对于一些具有特定结构的机会约束,可以将其转化为线性或二次规划问题,使得现有的优化求解器能够对其进行高效求解。通过这种转化,在考虑风电不确定性的情况下,仍能找到满足系统运行要求的最优调度方案。
基于松弛交替乘子法的分布式协同运行
(一)隐私保护需求
电 - 气互联系统中,电力系统和天然气系统各自拥有自身的运行数据和隐私信息,如电力系统的电网拓扑、发电成本,天然气系统的管道布局、气源成本等。在协同优化调度过程中,双方都希望在共享必要信息以实现协同的同时,保护自身的隐私不被泄露。
(二)第三方可信任协调者假设
为了实现电 - 气互联系统的分布式协同运行并保护双方隐私,假设存在一个第三方可信任的协调者。该协调者不参与电 - 气系统的实际运行,但负责收集和处理双方传递的信息,并协调优化过程。电力系统和天然气系统将各自与优化相关的部分信息传递给协调者,协调者根据这些信息进行统一的优化计算,并将优化结果反馈给双方。
(三)松弛交替乘子法原理与应用
- 原理
:松弛交替乘子法是一种用于求解分布式优化问题的有效算法。它通过引入辅助变量和拉格朗日乘子,将原问题分解为多个子问题,然后在各个子问题之间交替迭代求解。在每次迭代中,分别固定其他变量,更新部分变量,并通过乘子的调整来保证子问题之间的一致性。
- 在电 - 气互联系统中的应用
:将电 - 气互联系统的优化问题按照电力系统和天然气系统进行分解。电力系统和天然气系统分别在本地根据自身的运行约束和部分信息进行优化计算,并将结果传递给协调者。协调者利用松弛交替乘子法,结合双方传递的信息,对全局优化问题进行求解,并将更新后的信息反馈给电力系统和天然气系统。通过多次迭代,使得电 - 气互联系统逐步收敛到满足协同优化要求的分布式调度方案,同时保护了双方的隐私信息。
优化调度模型构建
⛳️ 运行结果
📣 部分代码
function [F,h,failure] = robustify(F,h,ops,w)
%ROBUSTIFY Derives robust counterpart.
%
% [Frobust,objrobust,failure] = ROBUSTIFY(F,h,options) is used to derive
% the robust counterpart of an uncertain YALMIP model.
%
% min h(x,w)
% subject to
% F(x,w) >(=) 0 for all w in W
%
% The constraints and objective have to satisfy a number of conditions for
% the robustification to be possible. Please refer to the YALMIP Wiki for
% the current assumptions.
%
% Some options for the robustification strategies can be altered via the
% solver tag 'robust' in sdpsettings
%
% 'robust.lplp' : Controls how linear constraints with affine
% parameterization in an uncertainty with polytopic
% description is handled. Can be either 'duality' or
% 'enumeration'
%
% 'robust.auxred': Controls how uncertainty dependent auxiliary variables
% are handled
% Can be either 'projection' or 'enumeration' (exact),
% or 'none' or 'affine' (conservative)
%
% 'robust.reducedual' Controls if the system equality constraints derived
% when using the duality filter should be eliminated,
% thus reducing the number of variables, possibly
% destroying sparsity .
%
% 'robust.polya' : Controls the relaxation order of polynomials. If set to
% NAN, the polynomials will be eliminated by forcing the
% coefficients to zero
%
% See also UNCERTAIN
% Author Johan L鰂berg
% $Id: robustify.m,v 1.55 2010-03-10 15:19:05 joloef Exp $
failure = 0;
if nargin < 3
ops = sdpsettings;
elseif isempty(ops)
ops = sdpsettings;
end
if nargin < 4
w = [];
end
if nargin>1
if isa(h,'double')
h = [];
end
else
h = [];
end
% We keep track of auxilliary generated variables
nInitial = yalmip('nvars');
% Find the scenario, extract uncertainty model and classifiy variables
[UncertainModel,Uncertainty,VariableType,ops] = decomposeUncertain(F,h,w,ops);
x = VariableType.x;
w = VariableType.w;
if isempty(x)
error('There are no decision variables in the uncertain model.')
end
if isempty(UncertainModel.F_xw)
error('The uncertainty does not enter the model anywhere.');
end
% Experimental code for conic-conic case
if ops.robust.coniclp.useconicconic || ((any(is(UncertainModel.F_xw,'sdp')) || any(is(UncertainModel.F_xw,'socp'))) && (any(is(Uncertainty.F_w,'sdp')) || any(is(Uncertainty.F_w,'socp'))))
SOSModel = [];
for i = 1:length(UncertainModel.F_xw)
if any(ismember(depends(UncertainModel.F_xw(i)),getvariables(VariableType.w)))
SOSModel = [SOSModel, dualtososrobustness(UncertainModel.F_xw(i),Uncertainty.F_w,VariableType.w,VariableType.x,ops.robust.conicconic.tau_degree,ops.robust.conicconic.gamma_degree,ops.robust.conicconic.Z_degree)];
else
% Misplaced?
SOSModel = [SOSModel, UncertainModel.F_xw(i)];
end
end
%SOSModel = expanded(SOSModel,1);
F = [SOSModel, UncertainModel.F_x];
h = UncertainModel.h;
h = expanded(h,1);
F = expanded(F,1); % This is actually done already in expandmodel
% h = expanded(h,1); % But this one has to be done manually
return
end
% FIXME: SYNC with expandmodel?
if ~isempty(UncertainModel.F_x)
nv = yalmip('nvars');
yalmip('setbounds',1:nv,repmat(-inf,nv,1),repmat(inf,nv,1));
LU = getbounds(UncertainModel.F_x);
yalmip('setbounds',1:nv,LU(:,1),LU(:,2));
end
% At this point, we have to decide on the algorithm we should use for
% robustifying the constraints. There are a couple of alternatives,
% depending on uncertainty and constraints
% 1. Polya: Polynomial uncertainty dependence, simplex uncertainty,
% can only be applied on LP constraints
% 2. Elimination: Last resort, tries to cancel all nonlinear uncertainties
% by setting coefficients to zero
% 3. Explicit: Linear uncertainty dependence, box-model uncertainty, can
% only be applied on LP constraints
% 4. Enumeration: Linear uncertainty dependence, polytopic uncertainty,
% arbitrary type of constraints (convex)
% 5. Duality: Linear uncertainty dependence, conic uncertainty, can
% only be applied on LP constraints
% 6. S-procedure Special case, quadratic dependence in elementwise, one
% quadratic constraint in W (obsolete)
% 7. Conic conic Subsumes S-procedure
% Robust model
F_robust = ([]);
% We begin by checking to see if the user wants to apply Polyas theorem.
% If that is the case, search for simplex structures, and apply Polyas.
if ~isnan(ops.robust.polya) & any(strcmp(Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes,'simplex')) & ~ops.robust.forced_enumeration
F_polya = [];
% Recursively apply Polya relaxation w.r.t each simplex
for i = find(strcmp(Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes,'simplex'))
[UncertainModel.F_xw, F_polya] = filter_polya(UncertainModel.F_xw+F_polya,w(Uncertainty.uncertaintyGroups{i}),ops.robust.polya);
end
[UncertainModel.F_xw,F_robust] = pruneCertain(F_polya,F_robust,UncertainModel.F_xw,w);
end
% LP constraints with quadratic dependence and quadratic uncertainty region
% can be handled tightly using the S-procedure
if (all(strcmp(Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes,'2-norm')) | all(strcmp(Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes,'quadratic'))) & length(Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes)==1 & ~ops.robust.forced_enumeration
[UncertainModel.F_xw,F_sprocedure] = filter_sprocedure(UncertainModel.F_xw,w,Uncertainty.separatedZmodel,ops);
F_robust = F_robust + F_sprocedure;
end
% There might still be nonlinearities left in the model. These have to be
% removed. We remove all terms with w-degree larger than 1
[UncertainModel.F_xw,F_elimination] = filter_eliminatation(UncertainModel.F_xw,w,1,ops);
F_robust = F_robust + F_elimination;
% Equality constraints cannot be part of an uncertain problem. Any
% dependence w.r.t w in equalities has to be removed
F_eq = extractConstraints(UncertainModel.F_xw,'equality');
UncertainModel.F_xw = UncertainModel.F_xw - F_eq;
[F_eq_left,F_eliminate_equality] = filter_eliminatation(F_eq,w,0,ops);
F_robust = F_robust + F_eliminate_equality + F_eq_left;
% The problem should now be linear in the uncertainty, with no uncertain
% equality constraints. Hence, now we apply explicit maximization,
% enumeration or duality-based robustification.
% We start with the norm balls
if ~ops.robust.forced_enumeration
for i = 1:length(Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes)
if ismember(Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes{i},{'1-norm','2-norm','inf-norm'})
F_lp = extractConstraints(UncertainModel.F_xw,'elementwise');
UncertainModel.F_xw = UncertainModel.F_xw - F_lp;
F_flt = filter_normball(F_lp,Uncertainty.separatedZmodel{i},x,w(Uncertainty.uncertaintyGroups{i}),w,Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes{i},ops,VariableType);
[UncertainModel.F_xw,F_robust] = pruneCertain(F_flt,F_robust,UncertainModel.F_xw,w);
end
end
end
% Pick out the uncertain linear equalities and robustify using duality if
% user has opted for this or the uncertainty is conic.
conic = ~isequal(Uncertainty.Zmodel.K.s,0) | ~isequal(Uncertainty.Zmodel.K.q,0);
if (conic | isequal(ops.robust.lplp,'duality')) & ~ops.robust.forced_enumeration
F_lp = extractConstraints(UncertainModel.F_xw,'elementwise');
UncertainModel.F_xw = UncertainModel.F_xw - F_lp;
nv = yalmip('nvars');
F_filter = filter_duality(F_lp,Uncertainty.Zmodel,x,w,ops);
F_robust = F_robust + F_filter;
if isa(F_filter,'lmi') & ops.verbose
newvars = nnz(getvariables(F_filter)>nv);
disp([' - Duality introduced ' num2str(newvars) ' variables, ' num2str(nnz(is(F_filter,'equality'))) ' equalities, ' num2str(nnz(is(F_filter,'elementwise'))) ' LP inqualities and ' num2str(nnz(is(F_filter,'sdp'))+nnz(is(F_filter,'socp'))) ' conic constraints']);
end
end
% Robustify remaining uncertain LP/SOCP/SDP constraints and robustify by
% enumeration.
F_conic = extractConstraints(UncertainModel.F_xw,{'sdp','socc','elementwise'});
UncertainModel.F_xw = UncertainModel.F_xw - F_conic;
[F_temp,enumerationfailed] = filter_enumeration(F_conic,Uncertainty.Zmodel,x,w,ops,Uncertainty.uncertaintyTypes,Uncertainty.separatedZmodel,VariableType);
if enumerationfailed
% Reset to previous state
UncertainModel.F_xw = UncertainModel.F_xw + F_conic;
else
F_robust = F_robust + F_temp;
end
if enumerationfailed
% Enumeration failed, probably due to lack of MPT. If problem is conic,
% we are in trouble. If simple LP, we can resort to duality approach
if conic
if ops.verbose
disp(' - Enumeration of uncertainty polytope failed. Missing Multiparametric Toolbox?')
end
error('Enumeration failed (lacking MPT?), and due to conic constraints, duality cannot be used');
else
F_lp = extractConstraints(UncertainModel.F_xw,'elementwise');
UncertainModel.F_xw = UncertainModel.F_xw - F_lp;
nv = yalmip('nvars');
F_filter = filter_duality(F_lp,Uncertainty.Zmodel,x,w,ops);
if ops.verbose
if isa(F_filter,'lmi')
disp([' - Duality introduced ' num2str(yalmip('nvars')-nv') ' variables, ' num2str(nnz(is(F_filter,'equality'))) ' equalities, ' num2str(nnz(is(F_filter,'elementwise'))) ' LP inqualities and ' num2str(nnz(is(F_filter,'sdp'))+nnz(is(F_filter,'socp'))) ' conic constraints']);
end
end
F_robust = F_robust + F_filter;
end
end
% If there is anything left now, it means that we do not support it (such
% as conic uncertainty in conic constraint)
if length(UncertainModel.F_xw) > 0
if any(~islinear(UncertainModel.F_xw))
error('There are some uncertain constraints which cannot be robustified by YALMIP')
else
F_robust = F_robust + UncertainModel.F_xw;
end
end
% Return the robustfied model
F = F_robust+UncertainModel.F_x;
h = UncertainModel.h;
% The model has been expanded, so we have to remember this (trying to
% expand an expanded model leads to nonconvexity error)
F = expanded(F,1); % This is actually done already in expandmodel
h = expanded(h,1); % But this one has to be done manually
nNow = yalmip('nvars');
if nNow > nInitial
% YALMIP has introduced auxilliary variables
% We mark these as auxilliary
yalmip('addauxvariables',nInitial+1:nNow);
end
if ops.verbose
disp('***** Derivation of robust counterpart done ***********************');
end
function [F_xw,F_robust] = pruneCertain(F_new,F_robust,F_xw,w);
for i = 1:length(F_new)
if ~isempty(intersect(depends(F_new(i)),depends(w)))
F_xw = F_xw + F_new(i);
else
F_robust = F_robust + F_new(i);
end
end
function p = indexIn(x,y)
if ~isempty(x)
for i = 1:length(x)
p(i) = find(x(i)==y);
end
else
p = [];
end
function [F_x,F_w,F_xw,VariableType] = partitionModel(F,F_original,VariableType);
F_x = [];
F_w = [];
F_xw = [];
% x-var w_var aux_xw aux_w
if ~(isempty(VariableType.aux_with_w_dependence) & isempty(VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence))
Dependency = spalloc(length(F_original),4,length(F));
for i = 1:length(F_original)
varF = depends(F_original(i));
Dependency(i,1) = any(ismember(varF,VariableType.x_variables));
Dependency(i,2) = any(ismember(varF,VariableType.w_variables));
Dependency(i,3) = any(ismember(varF,VariableType.aux_with_w_dependence));
Dependency(i,4) = any(ismember(varF,VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence));
end
LiftedUncertaintiesDescription = find(Dependency(:,1) == 0 & Dependency(:,3)==0);
if ~isempty(LiftedUncertaintiesDescription)
% for i = LiftedUncertaintiesDescription(:)'
% vars = depends(F_original(i));
% vars = intersect(vars,VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence);
%
% end
reclassifyAsUncertain = depends(F_original(LiftedUncertaintiesDescription));
[notused,reclassifyAsUncertain] = find(VariableType.Graph(reclassifyAsUncertain,:));
reclassifyAsUncertain = unique(reclassifyAsUncertain);
reclassifyAsUncertain = intersect(unique(reclassifyAsUncertain),getvariables(F));
VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence = setdiff(VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence,reclassifyAsUncertain);
VariableType.w_variables = union(VariableType.w_variables,reclassifyAsUncertain);
VariableType.aux_with_w_dependence = union(VariableType.aux_with_w_dependence,VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence);
VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence = [];
end
end
% x-var w_var aux_xw aux_w
Dependency = spalloc(length(F),4,length(F));
for i = 1:length(F)
varF = depends(F(i));
Dependency(i,1) = any(ismember(varF,VariableType.x_variables));
Dependency(i,2) = any(ismember(varF,VariableType.w_variables));
Dependency(i,3) = any(ismember(varF,VariableType.aux_with_w_dependence));
Dependency(i,4) = any(ismember(varF,VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence));
end
pureX = find(Dependency*[1;2;4;8] == 1);
pureW = find(Dependency(:,1) == 0 & Dependency(:,3)==0);
mixedXW = find(Dependency(:,1) | Dependency(:,3));
%mixedXW = find((Dependency(:,1) & | Dependency(:,3));
mixedXW = setdiff(1:size(Dependency,1),union(pureW,pureX));
F_x = F(pureX);
F_w = F(pureW);
F_xw = F(mixedXW);
reclassifyAsUncertain = depends(F_w);
VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence = setdiff(VariableType.aux_with_only_w_dependence,reclassifyAsUncertain);
VariableType.w_variables = union(VariableType.w_variables,reclassifyAsUncertain);
function [VariableType,h_fixed,F_xw] = reformatObjective(h,F_xw,VariableType)
% Some pre-calc
x = recover(VariableType.x_variables);
w = recover(VariableType.w_variables);
xw = [x;w];
xind = find(ismembcYALMIP(getvariables(xw),getvariables(x)));
wind = find(ismembcYALMIP(getvariables(xw),getvariables(w)));
% Analyze the objective and try to rewrite any uncertainty into the format
% assumed by YALMIP
if ~isempty(h)
[Q,c,f,dummy,nonquadratic] = vecquaddecomp(h,xw);
Q = Q{1};
c = c{1};
f = f{1};
if nonquadratic
error('Objective can be at most quadratic, with the linear term uncertain');
end
Q_ww = Q(wind,wind);
Q_xw = Q(xind,wind);
Q_xx = Q(xind,xind);
c_x = c(xind);
c_w = c(wind);
if nnz(Q_ww) > 0
error('Objective can be at most quadratic, with the linear term uncertain');
end
% Separate certain and uncertain terms, place uncertain terms in the
% constraints instead
if is(h,'linear')
if isempty(intersect(getvariables(w),getvariables(h)))
h_fixed = h;
else
sdpvar t
F_xw = F_xw + (h <= t);
h_fixed = t;
x = [x;t];
end
else
h_fixed = x'*Q_xx*x + c_x'*x + f;
h_uncertain = 2*w'*Q_xw'*x + c_w'*w;
if ~isa(h_uncertain,'double')
sdpvar t
F_xw = F_xw + (h_uncertain <= t);
h_fixed = h_fixed + t;
x = [x;t];
end
end
else
h_fixed = [];
end
VariableType.x_variables = getvariables(x);
🔗 参考文献
《不确定风功率接入下电-气互联系统的协同经济调度》
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🌟 无人机应用方面:无人机路径规划、无人机控制、无人机编队、无人机协同、无人机任务分配、无人机安全通信轨迹在线优化、车辆协同无人机路径规划
🌟通信方面:传感器部署优化、通信协议优化、路由优化、目标定位优化、Dv-Hop定位优化、Leach协议优化、WSN覆盖优化、组播优化、RSSI定位优化、水声通信、通信上传下载分配
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🌟电力系统方面: 微电网优化、无功优化、配电网重构、储能配置、有序充电、MPPT优化、家庭用电、电/冷/热负荷预测、电力设备故障诊断、电池管理系统(BMS)SOC/SOH估算(粒子滤波/卡尔曼滤波)、 多目标优化在电力系统调度中的应用、光伏MPPT控制算法改进(扰动观察法/电导增量法)、电动汽车充放电优化、微电网日前日内优化、储能优化、家庭用电优化、供应链优化\智能电网分布式能源经济优化调度,虚拟电厂,能源消纳,风光出力,控制策略,多目标优化,博弈能源调度,鲁棒优化
🌟原创改进优化算法(适合需要创新的同学):原创改进2025年的波动光学优化算法WOO以及三国优化算法TKOA、白鲸优化算法BWO等任意优化算法均可,保证测试函数效果,一般可直接核心
告诫读者和自己第一,科学态度。历史学是一门科学,要学会做历史研究,就得有科学态度。科学态度不是与生俱来的,必须认真培养,关键是培养我们在研究中认真负责一丝不苟的精神。第二,献身精神。从事历史研究,就像从事其他任何科学研究一样,要有一种为科学研究而献身的精神,要热爱我们的研究事业,要有潜心从事这项工作的意志。没有献身精神,当然做不好科研工作。只想拿一个学位,那是很难学好做研究的。要拿学位,这一点可以理解,但我们读书,是为了自己获得真才实学。有了真才实学将来不论做什么工作,都是有用的。当然学位也是要的,但关键的是学问而不是学位。第三,查阅收集学术信息、资料的能力。青年学生要从事学术研究,就要培养能熟练地掌握查阅搜集学术信息、资料的能力。例如学习与研究英帝国史,就得了解国内外有关这个专业的基本情况,了解有关资料情况。像你们在北京地区学习,至少要大致了解北京地区有关英帝国史的中英文资料,熟悉与专业密切相关的主要图书馆,了解馆藏情况。这就需要经常去图书馆。我们这个专业不需要到田间考察,到工厂调研,但要去图书馆,去图书馆就是我们的调查研究。熟悉有关图书馆的情况是我们学习的一部分。今天,网络飞速发展,掌握网上查阅信息的技巧是非常必要的。第四,处理资料的能力。搜集的资料会越来越多,怎样安排它们也是一门学问。各学科各个研究人员的方式可能会有所不同,但总的原则是要有条理,便于记忆,便于查阅。第五,对资料的鉴别意识与鉴别能力。我们在使用研究资料时不能拿着就用,要有意识鉴别一下,材料是否可靠,什么样的材料更有价值。读书时,也不是拿着什么书就通读到底。有的书翻一翻即可,有的书则需认真读。区别哪些书翻一翻即可,哪些书得认真读,也不是一件容易的事,青年学生不是一下子就能做到这一点的,需逐渐培养这种能力。还有一点就是要学会使用计算机,能比较熟练地进行文字处理。
