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单片机串口实验

news 2026/5/23 13:09:59

单片机：STM32F407
开发板：DMF407电机开发板
平台：keil V5.31

HSE 为8MHZ
HSI为16MHZ

原理图：

串口工具：

主函数：

uint8_t g_usart_tx_buf[8]; int main(void) { uint8_t len; uint16_t times = 0; HAL_Init(); /* 初始化HAL库 */ sys_stm32_clock_init(336, 8, 2, 7); /* 设置时钟,168Mhz */ delay_init(168); /* 延时初始化 */ usart_init(115200); /* 串口初始化为115200 */ led_init(); /* 初始化LED */ while(1) { g_usart_tx_buf[0]=1; g_usart_tx_buf[1]=2; g_usart_tx_buf[2]=3; g_usart_tx_buf[3]=4; g_usart_tx_buf[4]=5; g_usart_tx_buf[5]=6; g_usart_tx_buf[6]=7; g_usart_tx_buf[7]=8; HAL_UART_Transmit(&g_uart1_handle, (uint8_t*)g_usart_tx_buf, 8, 1000); /*发送接收到的数据*/ while(__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&g_uart1_handle, UART_FLAG_TC) != SET); /*等待发送结束*/ delay_ms(500); } }

串口配置：

#define USART_TX_GPIO_PORT GPIOD #define USART_TX_GPIO_PIN GPIO_PIN_2 #define USART_TX_GPIO_AF GPIO_AF8_UART5 #define USART_TX_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE() do{ __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE(); }while(0) /* 发送引脚时钟使能 */ #define USART_RX_GPIO_PORT GPIOC #define USART_RX_GPIO_PIN GPIO_PIN_12 #define USART_RX_GPIO_AF GPIO_AF8_UART5 #define USART_RX_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE() do{ __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE(); }while(0) /* 接收引脚时钟使能 */ #define USART_UX UART5 #define USART_UX_IRQn UART5_IRQn #define USART_UX_IRQHandler UART5_IRQHandler #define USART_UX_CLK_ENABLE() do{ __HAL_RCC_UART5_CLK_ENABLE(); }while(0) /* USART1 时钟使能 */ void usart_init(uint32_t baudrate) { g_uart1_handle.Instance = USART_UX; /* USART1 */ g_uart1_handle.Init.BaudRate = baudrate; /* 波特率 */ g_uart1_handle.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B; /* 字长为8位数据格式 */ g_uart1_handle.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1; /* 一个停止位 */ g_uart1_handle.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE; /* 无奇偶校验位 */ g_uart1_handle.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE; /* 无硬件流控 */ g_uart1_handle.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX; /* 收发模式 */ HAL_UART_Init(&g_uart1_handle); /* HAL_UART_Init()会使能UART1 */ /* 该函数会开启接收中断：标志位UART_IT_RXNE，并且设置接收缓冲以及接收缓冲接收最大数据量 */ HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&g_uart1_handle, (uint8_t *)g_rx_buffer, RXBUFFERSIZE); } HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Init(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) { /* Check the UART handle allocation */ if (huart == NULL) { return HAL_ERROR; } /* Check the parameters */ if (huart->Init.HwFlowCtl != UART_HWCONTROL_NONE) { /* The hardware flow control is available only for USART1, USART2, USART3 and USART6. Except for STM32F446xx devices, that is available for USART1, USART2, USART3, USART6, UART4 and UART5. */ assert_param(IS_UART_HWFLOW_INSTANCE(huart->Instance)); assert_param(IS_UART_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL(huart->Init.HwFlowCtl)); } else { assert_param(IS_UART_INSTANCE(huart->Instance)); } assert_param(IS_UART_WORD_LENGTH(huart->Init.WordLength)); assert_param(IS_UART_OVERSAMPLING(huart->Init.OverSampling)); if (huart->gState == HAL_UART_STATE_RESET) { /* Allocate lock resource and initialize it */ huart->Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED; #if (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1) UART_InitCallbacksToDefault(huart); if (huart->MspInitCallback == NULL) { huart->MspInitCallback = HAL_UART_MspInit; } /* Init the low level hardware */ huart->MspInitCallback(huart); #else /* Init the low level hardware : GPIO, CLOCK */ HAL_UART_MspInit(huart); #endif /* (USE_HAL_UART_REGISTER_CALLBACKS) */ } huart->gState = HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY; /* Disable the peripheral */ __HAL_UART_DISABLE(huart); /* Set the UART Communication parameters */ UART_SetConfig(huart); /* In asynchronous mode, the following bits must be kept cleared: - LINEN and CLKEN bits in the USART_CR2 register, - SCEN, HDSEL and IREN bits in the USART_CR3 register.*/ CLEAR_BIT(huart->Instance->CR2, (USART_CR2_LINEN | USART_CR2_CLKEN)); CLEAR_BIT(huart->Instance->CR3, (USART_CR3_SCEN | USART_CR3_HDSEL | USART_CR3_IREN)); /* Enable the peripheral */ __HAL_UART_ENABLE(huart); /* Initialize the UART state */ huart->ErrorCode = HAL_UART_ERROR_NONE; huart->gState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY; huart->RxState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY; return HAL_OK; } void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) { GPIO_InitTypeDef gpio_init_struct; if(huart->Instance == USART_UX) /* 如果是串口1，进行串口1 MSP初始化 */ { USART_UX_CLK_ENABLE(); /* USART1 时钟使能 */ USART_TX_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE(); /* 发送引脚时钟使能 */ USART_RX_GPIO_CLK_ENABLE(); /* 接收引脚时钟使能 */ gpio_init_struct.Pin = USART_TX_GPIO_PIN; /* TX引脚 */ gpio_init_struct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP; /* 复用推挽输出 */ gpio_init_struct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP; /* 上拉 */ gpio_init_struct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH; /* 高速 */ gpio_init_struct.Alternate = USART_TX_GPIO_AF; /* 复用为USART1 */ HAL_GPIO_Init(USART_TX_GPIO_PORT, &gpio_init_struct); /* 初始化发送引脚 */ gpio_init_struct.Pin = USART_RX_GPIO_PIN; /* RX引脚 */ gpio_init_struct.Alternate = USART_RX_GPIO_AF; /* 复用为USART1 */ HAL_GPIO_Init(USART_RX_GPIO_PORT, &gpio_init_struct); /* 初始化接收引脚 */ #if USART_EN_RX HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART_UX_IRQn); /* 使能USART1中断通道 */ HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART_UX_IRQn, 3, 3); /* 抢占优先级3，子优先级3 */ #endif } }

测试结果：

貌似数据移位了。

用另外一个串口工具测试：

测试结果：

两个串口工具的测试结果是一样的。

将串口工具接收脚接到TPT3232E的pin11，接收到的数据正常：

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